Ryckman Kelli K, Borowski Kristi S, Parikh Nisha I, Saftlas Audrey F
Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, 105 River St, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2013 Jun;7(3):217-223. doi: 10.1007/s12170-013-0308-y.
Metabolic syndrome is a growing problem globally, and is a contributor to non-communicable diseases such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The risk of developing specific components of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood sugar has been largely attributed to environmental stressors including poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and smoking. However, large epidemiologic cohorts and experimental animal models support the "developmental origins of adult disease" hypothesis, which posits that a significant portion of the risk for adult metabolic conditions is determined by exposures occurring in the perinatal period. Maternal obesity and the rate of complications during pregnancy such as preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes continue to rise. As our ability to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality improves the long-term metabolic consequences remain uncertain, pointing to the need for further research in this area.
代谢综合征在全球范围内是一个日益严重的问题，并且是导致II型糖尿病和心血管疾病等非传染性疾病的一个因素。患代谢综合征特定组成部分（如肥胖、高脂血症、高血压和空腹血糖升高）的风险在很大程度上归因于包括营养不良、缺乏运动和吸烟在内的环境应激源。然而，大型流行病学队列和实验动物模型支持“成人疾病的发育起源”假说，该假说认为成人代谢状况的很大一部分风险是由围产期所接触的因素决定的。孕妇肥胖以及孕期并发症（如早产、先兆子痫和妊娠糖尿病）的发生率持续上升。随着我们降低围产期发病率和死亡率的能力提高，长期代谢后果仍不确定，这表明该领域需要进一步研究。
