Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA.
Horm Behav. 2013 Jul;64(2):380-9. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.01.016.
Throughout the past several decades, studies have uncovered a wealth of information about the neural circuitry underlying fear learning and extinction that has helped to inform treatments for fear-related disorders such as post-traumatic stress and anxiety. Yet, up to 40% of people do not respond to such treatments. Adolescence, in particular, is a developmental stage during which anxiety disorders peak, yet little is known about the development of fear-related neural circuitry during this period. Moreover, pharmacological and behavioral therapies that have been developed are based on mature circuitry and function. Here, we review neural circuitry implicated in fear learning and data from adolescent mouse and human fear learning studies. In addition, we propose a developmental model of fear neural circuitry that may optimize current treatments and inform when, during development, specific treatments for anxiety may be most effective.
在过去的几十年中，研究揭示了大量有关恐惧学习和消退的神经回路的信息，这些信息有助于为与恐惧相关的障碍（如创伤后应激和焦虑症）提供治疗方法。然而，多达 40%的人对这些治疗方法没有反应。特别是青春期是焦虑症达到高峰的发育阶段，但在此期间，与恐惧相关的神经回路的发展知之甚少。此外，已经开发出的药理学和行为疗法是基于成熟的神经回路和功能。在这里，我们回顾了恐惧学习中涉及的神经回路以及来自青少年小鼠和人类恐惧学习研究的数据。此外，我们提出了一个恐惧神经回路的发育模型，该模型可以优化当前的治疗方法，并告知在发展过程中，针对焦虑症的特定治疗方法何时最有效。
