Fransen Job, Deprez Dieter, Pion Johan, Tallir Isabel B, D'Hondt Eva, Vaeyens Roel, Lenoir Matthieu, Philippaerts Renaat M
Dept. of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2014 Feb;26(1):11-21. doi: 10.1123/pes.2013-0005. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
The goal of this study was to investigate differences in physical fitness and sports participation over 2 years in children with relatively high, average, and low motor competence. Physical fitness and gross motor coordination of 501 children between 6-10 years were measured at baseline and baseline+2 years. The sample compromised 2 age cohorts: 6.00-7.99 and 8.00-9.99 years. An age and sex-specific motor quotient at baseline testing was used to subdivide these children into low (MQ < P33), average (P33 ≤ MQ < P66) and high (MQ ≥ P66) motor competence groups. Measures of sports participation were obtained through a physical activity questionnaire in 278 of the same children. Repeated Measures MANCOVA and two separate ANOVAs were used to analyze differences in changes in physical fitness and measures of sports participation respectively. Children with high motor competence scored better on physical fitness tests and participated in sports more often. Since physical fitness levels between groups changed similarly over time, low motor competent children might be at risk for being less physically fit throughout their life. Furthermore, since low motor competent children participate less in sports, they have fewer opportunities of developing motor abilities and physical fitness and this may further prevent them from catching up with their peers with an average or high motor competence.
本研究的目的是调查运动能力相对较高、中等和较低的儿童在两年间身体素质和体育参与情况的差异。在基线期和基线期+2年时，对501名6至10岁儿童的身体素质和大肌肉运动协调性进行了测量。样本包括2个年龄组：6.00 - 7.99岁和8.00 - 9.99岁。在基线测试时，使用年龄和性别特异性运动商数将这些儿童细分为低运动能力组（运动商数<第33百分位数）、中等运动能力组（第33百分位数≤运动商数<第66百分位数）和高运动能力组（运动商数≥第66百分位数）。通过体育活动问卷，对其中278名相同儿童的体育参与情况进行了测量。重复测量多元协方差分析和两个单独的方差分析分别用于分析身体素质变化和体育参与情况测量结果的差异。运动能力高的儿童在身体素质测试中得分更高，且更经常参加体育运动。由于各组之间的身体素质水平随时间变化情况相似，运动能力低的儿童可能一生都面临身体素质较差的风险。此外，由于运动能力低的儿童较少参加体育运动，他们发展运动能力和身体素质的机会也较少，这可能进一步阻碍他们赶上运动能力中等或较高的同龄人。
