Asia Pacific Veterinary Information Services, Montmorency, Vic., Australia.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013 Sep;7 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):15-25. doi: 10.1111/irv.12076.
A range of measures has been recommended and used for the control and prevention of avian influenza. These measures are based on the assessment of local epidemiological situations, field observations and other scientific information. Other non-technical factors are (or in some cases should be) taken into account when developing and recommending control measures. The precise effects under field conditions of most individual interventions applied to control and prevent avian influenza have not been established or subjected to critical review, often because a number of measures are applied simultaneously without controls. In most cases, the combination of measures used results in control or elimination of the virus although there are some countries where this has not been the case. In others, especially those with low poultry density, it is not clear whether the link between the adoption of a set of measures and the subsequent control of the disease is causative. This article discusses the various measures recommended, with particular emphasis on stamping out and vaccination, examines how these measures assist in preventing zoonotic infections with avian influenza viruses and explores gaps in knowledge regarding their effectiveness.
已推荐和使用了一系列措施来控制和预防禽流感。这些措施是基于对当地流行病学情况的评估、实地观察和其他科学信息。在制定和推荐控制措施时，还应考虑其他非技术因素。在实地条件下，大多数用于控制和预防禽流感的个别干预措施的确切效果尚未确定或经过严格审查，这通常是因为许多措施同时应用而没有对照。在大多数情况下，所使用的措施组合可控制或消除病毒，尽管有些国家并非如此。在其他国家，特别是家禽密度较低的国家，尚不清楚采用一系列措施与随后控制疾病之间是否存在因果关系。本文讨论了所推荐的各种措施，特别强调了扑灭和接种，探讨了这些措施如何有助于预防禽流感病毒的人畜共患病感染，并探讨了关于其有效性的知识空白。
