School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Mar;71(5):831-45. doi: 10.1007/s00018-013-1470-6. Epub 2013 Sep 18.
The capacity of organisms to sense changes in the levels of internal and external gases and to respond accordingly is central to a range of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. Carbon dioxide, a primary product of oxidative metabolism is one such gas that can be sensed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in response to altered levels, elicit the activation of multiple adaptive pathways. The outcomes of activating CO2-sensitive pathways in various species include increased virulence of fungal and bacterial pathogens, prey-seeking behavior in insects as well as taste perception, lung function, and the control of immunity in mammals. In this review, we discuss what is known about the mechanisms underpinning CO2 sensing across a range of species and consider the implications of this for physiology, disease progression, and the possibility of developing new therapeutics for inflammatory and infectious disease.
生物体感知内外气体水平变化并做出相应反应的能力是一系列生理和病理生理过程的核心。二氧化碳是氧化代谢的主要产物，它可以被原核和真核细胞感知，并且可以响应水平的变化，引发多种适应性途径的激活。在不同物种中激活 CO2 敏感途径的结果包括真菌和细菌病原体的毒力增加、昆虫的觅食行为以及味觉感知、肺功能和哺乳动物的免疫控制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了已知的关于各种物种 CO2 感应机制的信息，并考虑了这对生理学、疾病进展以及开发针对炎症和感染性疾病的新疗法的可能性的影响。
