Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, INRA-CIRAD-SupAgro Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
Evol Appl. 2013 Sep;6(6):960-9. doi: 10.1111/eva.12079. Epub 2013 Jul 15.
Many cryptic species have recently been discovered in fungi, especially in fungal plant pathogens. Cryptic fungal species co-occurring in sympatry may occupy slightly different ecological niches, for example infecting the same crop plant but specialized on different organs or having different phenologies. Identifying cryptic species in fungal pathogens of crops and determining their ecological specialization are therefore crucial for disease management. Here, we addressed this question in the ascomycete Botrytis cinerea, the agent of gray mold on a wide range of plants. On grape, B. cinerea causes severe damage but is also responsible for noble rot used for processing sweet wines. We used microsatellite genotyping and clustering methods to elucidate whether isolates sampled on gray mold versus noble rot symptoms in three French regions belong to genetically differentiated populations. The inferred population structure matched geography rather than the type of symptom. Noble rot symptoms therefore do not seem to be caused by a specific B. cinerea population but instead seem to depend essentially on microclimatic conditions, which has applied consequences for the production of sweet wines.
最近在真菌中发现了许多隐种，尤其是在真菌植物病原体中。在同域共存的隐种真菌可能占据略有不同的生态位，例如感染同一作物植物，但专门针对不同器官或具有不同物候。因此，识别作物真菌病原体中的隐种并确定其生态特化对于疾病管理至关重要。在这里，我们针对子囊菌 Botrytis cinerea 提出了这个问题，该菌是广泛植物上灰霉病的病原体。在葡萄上，B. cinerea 会造成严重损害，但也会导致用于加工甜葡萄酒的贵腐。我们使用微卫星基因分型和聚类方法来阐明在法国三个地区采集的灰霉病与贵腐病症状的分离株是否属于遗传分化的种群。推断出的种群结构与地理有关，而与症状类型无关。因此，贵腐病症状似乎不是由特定的 B. cinerea 种群引起的，而似乎主要取决于微气候条件，这对甜葡萄酒的生产有实际影响。
