Photogeneration of hydrogen from water using CdSe nanocrystals demonstrating the importance of surface exchange.

Unique tripodal S-donor capping agents with an attached carboxylate are found to bind tightly to the surface of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs), making the latter water soluble. Unlike that in similarly solubilized CdSe NCs with one-sulfur or two-sulfur capping agents, dissociation from the NC surface is greatly reduced. The impact of this behavior is seen in the photochemical generation of H2 in which the CdSe NCs function as the light absorber with metal complexes in aqueous solution as the H2-forming catalyst and ascorbic acid as the electron donor source. This precious-metal-free system for H2 generation from water using Co(bdt)2 (bdt, benzene-1,2-dithiolate) as the catalyst exhibits excellent activity with a quantum yield for H2 formation of 24% at 520 nm light and durability with >300,000 turnovers relative to catalyst in 60 h.