Department of Physiology, Taibah University, Almadinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Int J Gen Med. 2013 Sep 19;6:799-806. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S40665. eCollection 2013.
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with serious complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). The authors' main aim was to investigate biochemical parameters and the oxidative stress associated with the type 2 DR patients and to study gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) among patients with DR [DR(+)] compared with a control nondiabetic group. In all, 67 patients with DR included in this study were diabetic for more than 10 years. Among them, 22 patients were DR(+), and 45 patients did not have DR [DR(-)]. The subjects' age range was 14 years to 80 years old with diabetes duration range between 2 and 45 years. Body mass index (BMI) was 31.43 ± 5.94 and 32.33 ± 6.54, systolic blood pressure was 117.15 ± 18.16 mmHg and 126.15 ± 20.26 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure was 81.11 ± 10.55 mmHg and 82.77 ± 10.85 mmHg, HbA1c was 7.2 ± 1.1 and 8.19 ± 1.95, serum total cholesterol was 6.61 ± 1.11 and 4.11 ± 0.31, serum triglycerides were 3.52 ± 0.89 and 3.42 ± 0.79, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was 2.12 ± 0.10 and 2.42 ± 0.15, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was 2.66 ± 0.30 and 2.55 ± 0.21, SOD was 3.12 ± 0.87 and 1.53 ± 0.14, GPx was 11.14 ± 2.21 and 8.2 ± 1.84, CAT was 26.43 ± 3.34 and 9.60 ± 2.14, for DR(-) and DR(+) patients, respectively. SOD, GPx and CAT polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the DR(+) patients revealed the diminished expression of CAT gene followed by GPx and SOD genes. All were significant compared with the normal controls, P < 0.05. Linear regression analysis revealed a strong significant positive correlation between the retinopathy grade and the diastolic blood pressure, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c (HA1c)%, and fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001). A marginally significant positive correlation between the retinopathy grade and LDL-cholesterol was observed (P < 0.05), and a significant negative correlation between the retinopathy grade and total cholesterol was observed (P < 0.05). Poor glycemic control and alteration in mRNA gene expression of antioxidant enzymes are strongly associated with development of DR and the regular screening is mandatory for early detection and treatment.
2 型糖尿病是一种与严重并发症相关的代谢疾病，包括糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）。作者的主要目的是研究与 2 型 DR 患者相关的生化参数和氧化应激，并研究 DR（+）患者与非糖尿病对照组相比，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的基因表达。本研究共纳入 67 例 DR 患者，糖尿病病程均超过 10 年。其中，22 例患者为 DR（+），45 例患者未发生 DR [DR（-）]。研究对象年龄 1480 岁，糖尿病病程 245 年。体重指数（BMI）为 31.43±5.94 和 32.33±6.54，收缩压为 117.15±18.16mmHg 和 126.15±20.26mmHg，舒张压为 81.11±10.55mmHg 和 82.77±10.85mmHg，糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）为 7.2±1.1 和 8.19±1.95，血清总胆固醇为 6.61±1.11 和 4.11±0.31，血清三酰甘油为 3.52±0.89 和 3.42±0.79，血清低密度脂蛋白（LDL）为 2.12±0.10 和 2.42±0.15，高密度脂蛋白（HDL）为 2.66±0.30 和 2.55±0.21，SOD 为 3.12±0.87 和 1.53±0.14，GPx 为 11.14±2.21 和 8.2±1.84，CAT 为 26.43±3.34 和 9.60±2.14，分别为 DR（-）和 DR（+）患者的检测结果。DR（+）患者的 SOD、GPx 和 CAT 聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物显示 CAT 基因表达减少，随后是 GPx 和 SOD 基因。与正常对照组相比，所有结果均有统计学意义，P<0.05。线性回归分析显示，视网膜病变程度与舒张压、糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白（HA1c）%和空腹血糖呈强显著正相关（P<0.001）。视网膜病变程度与 LDL-胆固醇呈弱显著正相关（P<0.05），与总胆固醇呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。血糖控制不佳和抗氧化酶 mRNA 基因表达的改变与 DR 的发生密切相关，因此需要定期进行筛查，以便早期发现和治疗。
