坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆小学生肥胖的流行状况及其决定因素。
Prevalence and determinants of obesity among primary school children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
机构信息
Africa Academy for Public Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
出版信息
Arch Public Health. 2013 Oct 7;71(1):26. doi: 10.1186/0778-7367-71-26.
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity has increased dramatically and has become a public health concern worldwide. Childhood obesity is likely to persist through adulthood and may lead to early onset of NCDs. However, there is paucity of data on obesity among primary school children in Tanzania. This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of obesity among primary school children in Dar es Salaam.
METHODS
A cross sectional study was conducted among school age children in randomly selected schools in Dar es Salaam. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken using standard procedures. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2). Child obesity was defined as BMI at or above 95th percentile for age and sex. Socio-demographic characteristics of children were determined using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine association between independent variables with obesity among primary school children in Dar es Salaam.
RESULTS
A total of 446 children were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 11.1±2.0 years and 53.1% were girls. The mean BMI, SBP and DBP were 16.6±4.0 kg/m2, 103.9±10.3mmHg and 65.6±8.2mmHg respectively. The overall prevalence of child obesity was 5.2% and was higher among girls (6.3%) compared to boys (3.8%). Obese children had significantly higher mean values for age (p=0.042), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (all p<0.001). Most obese children were from households with fewer children (p=0.019) and residing in urban areas (p=0.002). Controlling for other variables, age above 10 years (AOR=3.3, 95% CI=1.5-7.2), female sex (AOR=2.6, 95% CI=1.4-4.9), urban residence (AOR=2.5, 95% CI=1.2-5.3) and having money to spend at school (AOR=2.6, 95% CI=1.4-4.8) were significantly associated with child obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of childhood obesity in this population was found to be low. However, children from urban schools and girls were proportionately more obese compared to their counterparts. Primary preventive measures for childhood obesity should start early in childhood and address socioeconomic factors of parents contributing to childhood obesity.
背景
儿童肥胖症的发病率显著增加，已成为全球公共卫生关注的问题。儿童肥胖症可能会持续到成年期，并可能导致非传染性疾病的早发。然而，坦桑尼亚小学生肥胖症的数据却很少。本研究评估了达累斯萨拉姆小学生肥胖症的患病率和决定因素。
方法
在达累斯萨拉姆随机选择的学校中进行了一项横断面研究。使用标准程序测量了身高、体重和血压。体重指数（BMI）计算为体重（kg）除以身高（m）的平方（kg/m2）。儿童肥胖症定义为 BMI 等于或高于按年龄和性别划分的第 95 个百分位。使用结构化问卷确定儿童的社会人口统计学特征。使用逻辑回归确定达累斯萨拉姆小学生肥胖症与独立变量之间的关联。
结果
共有 446 名儿童参与了分析。参与者的平均年龄为 11.1±2.0 岁，其中 53.1%为女孩。平均 BMI、SBP 和 DBP 分别为 16.6±4.0 kg/m2、103.9±10.3mmHg 和 65.6±8.2mmHg。儿童肥胖症的总体患病率为 5.2%，其中女孩（6.3%）高于男孩（3.8%）。肥胖儿童的年龄、收缩压和舒张压的平均值均显著较高（均 p<0.001）。大多数肥胖儿童来自孩子较少的家庭（p=0.019）和居住在城市地区（p=0.002）。在控制其他变量后，年龄大于 10 岁（OR=3.3，95%CI=1.5-7.2）、女性（OR=2.6，95%CI=1.4-4.9）、城市居住（OR=2.5，95%CI=1.2-5.3）和在学校有花钱（OR=2.6，95%CI=1.4-4.8）与儿童肥胖显著相关。
结论
该人群的儿童肥胖症患病率较低。然而，与同龄人相比，来自城市学校的儿童和女孩肥胖的比例更高。儿童肥胖症的初级预防措施应在儿童早期开始，并解决导致儿童肥胖的父母的社会经济因素。
Zotero 插件