Jordan Kevin D, Masters Kevin S, Hooker Stephanie A, Ruiz John M, Smith Timothy W
University of Utah.
J Pers. 2014 Oct;82(5):418-31. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12072. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
The interpersonal tradition (Horowitz & Strack, 2011) provides a rich conceptual and methodological framework for theory-driven research on mechanisms linking religiousness and spirituality (R/S) with health and well-being. In three studies, we illustrate this approach to R/S. In Studies 1 and 2, undergraduates completed various self-report measures of R/S, interpersonal style, and other aspects of interpersonal functioning. In Study 3, a community sample completed a wide variety of R/S measures and a measure of interpersonal style. Many, but not all, aspects of religiousness (e.g., overall religiousness, intrinsic religiousness) were associated with a warm interpersonal style, and most aspects and measures of spirituality were associated with a warm and somewhat dominant style. Spirituality and related constructs (i.e., gratitude, compassion) were associated with interpersonal goals that emphasize positive relationships with others, and with beneficial interpersonal outcomes (i.e., higher social support, less loneliness, and less conflict). However, some aspects of R/S (e.g., extrinsic religiousness, belief in a punishing God) were associated with a hostile interpersonal style. R/S have interpersonal correlates that may enhance or undermine health and emotional adjustment. This interpersonal perspective could help clarify why some aspects of religiousness and spirituality are beneficial and others are not.
人际传统（霍洛维茨和施特拉克，2011年）为宗教性与灵性（R/S）同健康与幸福之间联系机制的理论驱动研究提供了丰富的概念和方法框架。在三项研究中，我们展示了这种研究R/S的方法。在研究1和研究2中，本科生完成了关于R/S、人际风格以及人际功能其他方面的各种自我报告测量。在研究3中，一个社区样本完成了各种各样的R/S测量以及一项人际风格测量。宗教性的许多方面（例如，总体宗教性、内在宗教性），但并非全部，都与温暖的人际风格相关，并且灵性的大多数方面和测量都与温暖且有点主导性的风格相关。灵性及相关构念（即感恩、同情）与强调与他人建立积极关系的人际目标以及有益的人际结果（即更高的社会支持、更少的孤独感和更少的冲突）相关。然而，R/S的一些方面（例如，外在宗教性、相信有惩罚性的上帝）与敌对的人际风格相关。R/S具有人际关联，这些关联可能增强或损害健康和情绪调节。这种人际视角有助于阐明为什么宗教性和灵性的某些方面有益而其他方面并非如此。
