Forschungsgruppe Epidemiologie und Evaluation, Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, -psychotherapie und -psychosomatik (W29), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.
BMC Pediatr. 2013 Oct 10;13:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-166.
Hospital clowns, also known as clown doctors, can help paediatric patients with the stress of a hospitalization and to circumvent the accompanying feelings of fear, helplessness and sadness, thus supporting the healing process. The objectives of the present study were to clarify the structural and procedural conditions of paediatric clowning in Germany and to document the evaluations of hospital clowns, parents and hospital staff.
A nationwide online survey of hospital clowns currently active in paediatric departments and an accompanying field evaluation in Hamburg hospitals with surveys of parents and hospital staff were conducted. In addition to items developed specifically for the study regarding general conditions, procedures, assessments of effects and attitudes, the Work Satisfaction Scale was used. The sample included n = 87 hospital clowns, 37 parents and 43 hospital staff members.
The online survey showed that the hospital clowns are well-trained, motivated and generally satisfied with their work. By their own estimate, they primarily boost morale and promote imagination in the patients. However, hospital clowns also desire better interdisciplinary collaboration and financial security as well as more recognition of their work. The Hamburg field study confirmed the positive results of the clown survey. According to the data, a clown intervention boosts morale and reduces stress in the patients. Moreover, there are practically no side effects. Both parents and hospital staff stated that the patients as well as they themselves benefited from the intervention.
The results match those of previous studies and give a very positive picture of hospital clowning, so that its routine use and expansion thereof can be recommended. Furthermore, the intervention should be subject to the rules of evidence-based medicine like other medical treatments.
医院小丑，也被称为小丑医生，可以帮助儿科患者缓解住院带来的压力，避免产生恐惧、无助和悲伤等情绪，从而支持他们的康复过程。本研究的目的是阐明德国儿科小丑的结构和程序条件，并记录医院小丑、家长和医院工作人员的评估结果。
对目前在儿科病房工作的医院小丑进行了全国性的在线调查，并在汉堡医院进行了现场评估，对家长和医院工作人员进行了调查。除了针对一般情况、程序、效果评估和态度专门开发的项目外，还使用了工作满意度量表。样本包括 n=87 名医院小丑、37 名家长和 43 名医院工作人员。
在线调查显示，医院小丑训练有素、积极性高，对工作普遍满意。他们自己估计，他们主要是鼓舞士气和促进患者的想象力。然而，医院小丑也希望更好地进行跨学科合作、获得经济保障，并得到更多对其工作的认可。汉堡现场研究证实了小丑调查的积极结果。根据数据，小丑干预措施可以提高患者的士气并减轻他们的压力。此外，实际上没有副作用。家长和医院工作人员都表示，患者和他们自己都受益于干预措施。
这些结果与之前的研究结果相吻合，对医院小丑工作给予了非常积极的评价，因此可以推荐其常规使用和扩展。此外，干预措施应该像其他医疗治疗一样，受到循证医学规则的约束。
