Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg , Austria.
J Sports Sci Med. 2010 Dec 1;9(4):643-51. eCollection 2010.
The main purpose of the present study was to quantify and compare selected kinematic variables and their timing during the tennis forehand of different skill levels. An eight-camera 400 Hz, Vicon motion analysis system recorded kinematic data of six ATP- professionals (elite) and seven high performance (HP) players when shots were played cross court and down the line. Timing of the maximum angles, linear and angular velocities was measured prior to and after impact. A total of twelve strokes per subject were analyzed from the beginning to the end of horizontal racquet movement. Significant differences (p < 0.01) and large effect sizes were observed between elite and HP players in the timing of maximum pelvis (-0.075 ± 0.008 vs. -0.093 ± 0.012 s) and trunk angular velocities (-0.057 ± 0.004 vs. -0.075 ± 0.011 s) before impact. The elite group showed a tendency (p < 0.05) towards higher peak horizontal shoulder (3.0 ± 0.4 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 m·s(-1)) and racquet velocities (33.1 ± 2.4 vs. 31.1 ± 1.9 m·s(-1)) compared to the HP players. Depending on the situation (cross court vs. down the line), different peak hip, racquet and separation angles were found for both groups. Similar peak values were detected between groups for maximum angular velocities and displacement of key variables that had been selected for analysis. The findings of this study can be vital for successful player development, improved performance or injury prevention. The later occurrence of maximum angular pelvis and trunk rotations were the main reasons for the tendency towards higher horizontal shoulder and racquet velocities in the elite group. Key pointsDifferent timing of maximum angular pelvis and trunk rotations separated the elite from the high performance players.The elite group tended to reach higher horizontal shoulder and racquet velocities than the high performance group.In addition to maximum angular velocities, maximum racquet, shoulder, and hip alignment angles were similar between groups.To improve the forehand performance level of their athletes, coaches should focus on proper pelvis and trunk rotation.
本研究的主要目的是量化和比较不同技术水平的网球正手的选定运动学变量及其时间。一个八相机 400Hz 的 Vicon 运动分析系统记录了六个 ATP 职业选手（精英）和七个高水平选手（HP）在横场和直线击球时的运动学数据。在撞击前后测量最大角度、线性和角速度的时间。每个受试者总共分析了 12 次击球，从水平球拍运动的开始到结束。在撞击前，精英组和 HP 组之间在最大骨盆角（-0.075±0.008 对-0.093±0.012s）和躯干角速度（-0.057±0.004 对-0.075±0.011s）的时间上存在显著差异（p<0.01）和大效应量。与 HP 选手相比，精英组的峰值水平肩部（3.0±0.4 对 2.5±0.4m·s(-1))和球拍速度（33.1±2.4 对 31.1±1.9m·s(-1))有较高的趋势（p<0.05）。根据情况（横场对直线），两组的峰值髋部、球拍和分离角度不同。对于两组都选择分析的关键变量的最大角速度和位移，检测到相似的峰值。本研究的结果对于成功的运动员发展、提高表现或预防受伤至关重要。在精英组中，最大骨盆和躯干旋转的后期发生是导致水平肩部和球拍速度较高的主要原因。关键点最大骨盆和躯干旋转的时间不同，将精英选手与高水平选手区分开来。与高水平组相比，精英组倾向于达到更高的水平肩部和球拍速度。除了最大角速度外，组间最大球拍、肩部和髋部对准角度相似。为了提高运动员的正手表现水平，教练应注重正确的骨盆和躯干旋转。
