Smethurst Daniel G J, Dawes Ian W, Gourlay Campbell W
Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
FEMS Yeast Res. 2014 Feb;14(1):89-95. doi: 10.1111/1567-1364.12119. Epub 2013 Nov 26.
The decision to proliferate, to activate stress response mechanisms or to initiate cell death lies at the heart of the maintenance of a healthy cell population. Within multicellular and colony-forming single-celled organisms, such as yeasts, the functionality of cellular compartments that connect signalling to cell fate must be maintained to maximise adaptability and survival. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in processes such as the regulation of membrane microcompartments, receptor internalisation and the control of master regulatory GTPases, which govern cell decision-making. This affords the actin cytoskeleton a central position within cell response networks. In this sense, a functional actin cytoskeleton is essential to efficiently connect information input to response at the level of the cell. Recent research from fungal, plant and mammalian cells systems has highlighted that actin can trigger apoptotic death in cells that become incompetent to respond to environmental cues. It may also be the case that this property has been appropriated by microorganisms competing for niche environments within a human host. Here, we discuss the research that has been carried out in yeast that links actin to signalling processes and cell fate that supports its role as a biosensor.
细胞是否增殖、激活应激反应机制或启动细胞死亡，这一决定是维持健康细胞群体的核心所在。在多细胞生物以及形成菌落的单细胞生物（如酵母）中，必须维持将信号传导与细胞命运相联系的细胞区室的功能，以实现适应性和生存能力的最大化。肌动蛋白细胞骨架参与多种过程，如膜微区室的调控、受体内化以及控制主导调节性GTP酶，这些过程决定着细胞的决策。这使得肌动蛋白细胞骨架在细胞反应网络中占据核心地位。从这个意义上说，功能性肌动蛋白细胞骨架对于在细胞水平上有效地将信息输入与反应联系起来至关重要。来自真菌、植物和哺乳动物细胞系统的最新研究表明，肌动蛋白可在无法对环境信号作出反应的细胞中引发凋亡性死亡。在争夺人类宿主体内生态位环境的微生物中，这种特性也可能被利用。在此，我们讨论了在酵母中开展的将肌动蛋白与信号传导过程及细胞命运相联系的研究，这些研究支持了肌动蛋白作为生物传感器的作用。
