From Acdegroot Publishing, Wapserveen, the Netherlands.
Dermatitis. 2013 Nov-Dec;24(6):263-82. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000011.
Propolis (bee glue) is the resinous substance that bees collect from living plants for the construction and adaptation of their nests. It has antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties and may have a wide range of other beneficial biological activities. Propolis is available as a dietary supplement, in products for the protection of health and prevention of diseases, in biopharmaceuticals, and as a constituent of (bio)cosmetics. In this article, the following aspects of propolis are reviewed: the nature and chemical composition, its biological properties and applications, contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis (sensitizing potential, products causing contact allergy, clinical picture, frequency of sensitization, coreactivity and cross-reactivity, the allergens in propolis), and other adverse effects.
蜂胶（蜜蜂胶）是蜜蜂从活植物中采集的树脂状物质，用于建造和适应它们的巢穴。它具有抗菌、抗真菌和抗病毒特性，可能具有广泛的其他有益的生物活性。蜂胶作为膳食补充剂、用于保护健康和预防疾病的产品、生物制药以及（生物）化妆品的成分而存在。本文综述了蜂胶的以下方面：性质和化学成分、生物特性和应用、接触过敏和过敏性接触性皮炎（致敏潜能、引起接触过敏的产品、临床表现、致敏频率、共同反应性和交叉反应性、蜂胶中的过敏原）以及其他不良反应。
