Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Apr;186(4):2025-37. doi: 10.1007/s10661-013-3515-6. Epub 2013 Nov 9.
This study was carried out to find out the comparative distribution of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb) in various tissues (muscles, gills, liver, stomach and intestine) of Cyprinus carpio from Rawal Lake, Pakistan, during summer and winter. Relatively higher concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn were found in the stomach samples, while the highest Pb and Zn levels were noted in muscle and intestine samples, respectively. Correlation study exhibited diverse relationships among the metals in various tissues. Generally, the metal concentrations found during the summer were comparatively higher than the winter. Potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks related to the metals in C. carpio were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency approved cancer risk assessment guidelines. The calculated daily and weekly intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr and Co through the fish consumption were significantly higher than the permissible limits. In relation to the non-carcinogenic risks to human, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co and Zn levels were higher than the safe limits; however, carcinogenic risks related to Cr (3.9 × 10(-3) during summer and 1.1 × 10(-3) during winter) and Pb (2.6 × 10(-4) during summer and 1.5 × 10(-4) during winter) clearly exceeded the safe limit (1 × 10(-6)). Consequently, the consumption of C. carpio from Rawal Lake on regular basis was considered unsafe.
本研究旨在探讨重金属（铁、铜、锰、锌、钴、铬、镉和铅）在巴基斯坦拉瓦尔湖鲤鱼各组织（肌肉、鳃、肝、胃和肠）中的分布情况，以及夏季和冬季的分布情况。结果表明，胃组织中镉、钴、铬、铜、铁和锌的浓度相对较高，而肌肉和肠组织中铅和锌的含量最高。相关性研究表明，不同组织中金属之间存在多种关系。一般来说，夏季金属浓度相对较高。利用美国环境保护署批准的癌症风险评估指南，评估了鱼类体内重金属对人类的潜在非致癌和致癌健康风险。通过食用鱼类，铅、镉、铬和钴的日摄入量和周摄入量明显高于允许限值。就人类的非致癌风险而言，铅、镉、铬、钴和锌的水平高于安全限值；然而，与铬（夏季 3.9×10(-3)，冬季 1.1×10(-3))和铅（夏季 2.6×10(-4)，冬季 1.5×10(-4))相关的致癌风险明显超过安全限值（1×10(-6))。因此，经常食用拉瓦尔湖鲤鱼被认为是不安全的。
