Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2021 Nov;199(11):4284-4294. doi: 10.1007/s12011-020-02540-x. Epub 2021 Jan 7.
Although fish as a diet has many health benefits, metal accumulation in fish has been an increasing public health concerns across the world. The Cyprinus carpio samples were collected from Mangla Lake, Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, and analyzed for 18 essential and toxic trace metals. In edible muscles of the fish, average concentration (μg/g) of K (3002) was the highest, followed by Na (648), Ca (435), Mg (227), and Zn (161). Relatively lower levels (μg/g) were noted for Fe (16.9), Pb (6.05), Sr (4.01), Se (3.49), Co (2.90), Ni (2.37), Mn (2.29), As (1.48), and Cu (1.37), while least levels (μg/g) were found for Cr (0.61), Cd (0.52), Hg (0.15), and Li (0.09) in muscles. Majority of the metals revealed higher accumulation in gills compared with those in scales and muscles. Mean levels of Zn, Mn, Co, Pb, As, and Cd in Cyprinus carpio muscles were found to be exceeding most of the international permissible limits in muscles for safe human consumption. Estimated daily/weekly intakes and hazard quotients/index suggested a high risk related to the intake of Cyprinus carpio from Mangla Lake due to heavy metal contamination. Likewise, target cancer risk (TCR) also indicated significant lifetime carcinogenic health risks to the consumers.
尽管鱼类作为一种饮食有许多健康益处，但鱼类中的金属积累已成为全世界日益关注的公共卫生问题。从巴基斯坦阿扎德克什米尔米尔布尔的芒格洛湖采集了鲤鱼样本，并分析了 18 种必需和有毒痕量金属。在鱼类的可食用肌肉中，平均浓度（μg/g）最高的是 K（3002），其次是 Na（648）、Ca（435）、Mg（227）和 Zn（161）。Fe（16.9）、Pb（6.05）、Sr（4.01）、Se（3.49）、Co（2.90）、Ni（2.37）、Mn（2.29）、As（1.48）和 Cu（1.37）的浓度相对较低，而 Cr（0.61）、Cd（0.52）、Hg（0.15）和 Li（0.09）在肌肉中的含量最低。大多数金属在鳃中的积累高于鳞片和肌肉中的积累。鲤鱼肌肉中的 Zn、Mn、Co、Pb、As 和 Cd 的平均水平被发现超过了大多数国际允许的安全人体消费肌肉中金属的限量。估计的每日/每周摄入量和危害商数/指数表明，由于重金属污染，从芒格洛湖摄取鲤鱼对人体存在高风险。同样，目标癌症风险（TCR）也表明消费者存在重大的终生致癌健康风险。
