Radovici Andrei, Ștefănie Horațiu, Ajtai Iulia, Mereuță Alexandru, Botezan Camelia, Ozunu Alexandru, Ajtai Nicolae
"Babeş-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 9;9(9):e19948. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19948. eCollection 2023 Sep.
The way dangerous goods are transported on roads within the European Union is regulated by international agreements that have been transposed into national legislation. Unlike European policies that focus on preventing major accidents involving dangerous substances in the industry, the component of territorial planning in areas exposed to technological hazards is not given similar attention when it comes to transport routes of dangerous goods. Since both the transport of hazardous materials and the activities of large industrial operators involve the handling of the same types of dangerous substances, they share similar associated hazards. Within this framework, a question arises as to whether decision-makers should accord greater consideration to the land use policies in the areas adjacent to transportation routes. In this study, the case of Romania was analyzed in detail, with the objective to firstly identify some particularities in how the primary road infrastructure is developed in relation to other European countries. Since the territorial compatibility near large industrial operators is established based on specific regulations at the national level, but there is no similar regulation for the transport of dangerous substances, another objective was to adapt and implement a methodology for the analysis of the territorial compatibility in the proximity of the national roads network. The proposed methodology utilizes open-source data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for analysis. It also involves the extensive application of existing rules on territorial compatibility for technological risks, specifically in the context of hazmat transport. The results of this study indicate that the primary road transport network in Romania has different characteristics compared to that of other countries, which determines a higher level of exposure to the hazards specific to the road transport of hazardous materials. Additionally, from an analysis of gasoline and diesel transport on national roads and the implementation of a territorial compatibility matrix, we observed instances of territorial incompatibility in the current state, particularly in areas close to the road, especially for scenarios with a relatively high accident frequency. Thus, the way future large road infrastructure development projects address risks related to dangerous goods transportation and the implementation of environmentally conscious land management strategies can contribute to society's sustainable development.
欧盟境内道路危险货物运输方式受已转化为国家立法的国际协定监管。与侧重于预防工业中涉及危险物质的重大事故的欧洲政策不同，在危险货物运输路线方面，面临技术危害地区的领土规划部分未得到类似关注。由于危险材料运输和大型工业运营商的活动都涉及相同类型危险物质的处理，它们具有相似的相关危害。在此框架内，出现了一个问题，即决策者是否应更多考虑运输路线附近地区的土地使用政策。在本研究中，对罗马尼亚的情况进行了详细分析，目的一是确定其主要道路基础设施相对于其他欧洲国家的发展方式有哪些特殊性。由于大型工业运营商附近的领土兼容性是根据国家层面的特定法规确定的，但危险物质运输方面没有类似规定，另一个目的是调整并实施一种分析国道网络附近领土兼容性的方法。所提议的方法利用开源数据和地理信息系统（GIS）进行分析。它还广泛应用了关于技术风险领土兼容性的现有规则，特别是在危险货物运输背景下。本研究结果表明，罗马尼亚的主要道路运输网络与其他国家相比具有不同特征，这决定了其在危险材料道路运输特定危害方面的暴露程度更高。此外，通过对国道上汽油和柴油运输的分析以及领土兼容性矩阵的实施，我们观察到当前状态下存在领土不兼容情况，特别是在道路附近地区，尤其是对于事故频率相对较高的情况。因此，未来大型道路基础设施发展项目应对危险货物运输相关风险的方式以及实施注重环境的土地管理策略，有助于社会的可持续发展。
