Clark Terryann, Fleming Theresa, Bullen Pat, Crengle Sue, Denny Simon, Dyson Ben, Peiris-John Roshini, Robinson Elizabeth, Rossen Fiona, Sheridan Janie, Teevale Tasileta, Utter Jennifer, Lewycka Sonia
School of Nursing, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2013 Nov;49(11):925-934. doi: 10.1111/jpc.12427. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
To describe indicators of health and well-being for New Zealand secondary school students; explore changes between 2001, 2007 and 2012; and compare these findings to international estimates.
Three national health and well-being surveys of randomly selected New Zealand secondary school students were conducted. Data are presented as prevalence and variation over time (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)). Comparisons with international estimates were made with subsets of the data.
Between 2001 and 2012, students reported reductions in cigarette use (aOR 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.32), alcohol use (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33-0.46), marijuana use (aOR 0.37, 95% CI 0.31-0.43), sexual abuse (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.46-0.58), fighting (aOR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.73), seatbelt use (aOR 1.47, 95% CI 1.31-1.65) and risky driving behaviours (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.33-0.45). Positive connections to school (perception that the school cares, aOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35; liking school, aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.33-1.82) and family (good family relationship, aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.70-1.97) also improved. Indicators that did not improve and compared poorly with international estimates were protected sex (condom use at last sexual intercourse, aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68-0.87) and healthy life-style (daily physical activity, aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78-0.99; overweight/obese, aOR 1.09, 95% CI 0.92-1.31). Exposure to family violence (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.68) and depressive symptoms (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.91-1.17) also did not improve.
There have been important improvements in the health and well-being of New Zealand adolescents over a relatively short period. These findings demonstrate that population rates of adolescent risk behaviours are amenable to change. Current policy efforts should not lose momentum, while identified priority areas must be adequately resourced to ensure young people have opportunities to thrive now and in the future.
描述新西兰中学生的健康与幸福指标；探究2001年、2007年和2012年之间的变化；并将这些结果与国际估计值进行比较。
对随机抽取的新西兰中学生进行了三项全国性健康与幸福调查。数据以患病率和随时间的变化（调整优势比（aOR））呈现。通过数据子集与国际估计值进行比较。
在2001年至2012年期间，学生报告称吸烟（aOR 0.27，95%置信区间（CI）0.23 - 0.32）、饮酒（aOR 0.39，95% CI 0.33 - 0.46）、吸食大麻（aOR 0.37，95% CI 0.31 - 0.43）、性虐待（aOR 0.52，95% CI 0.46 - 0.58）、打架（aOR 0.63，95% CI 0.55 - 0.73）、使用安全带（aOR 1.47，95% CI 1.31 - 1.65）和危险驾驶行为（aOR 0.39，95% CI 0.33 - 0.45）有所减少。与学校的积极联系（认为学校关心学生，aOR 1.22，95% CI 1.10 - 1.35；喜欢学校，aOR 1.55，95% CI 1.33 - 1.82）以及与家庭的积极联系（良好的家庭关系，aOR 1.83，95% CI 1.70 - 1.97）也有所改善。未得到改善且与国际估计值相比情况不佳的指标包括安全性行为（上次性交时使用避孕套，aOR 0.77，95% CI 0.68 - 0.87）和健康生活方式（日常体育活动，aOR 0.88，95% CI 0.78 - 0.99；超重/肥胖，aOR 1.09，95% CI 0.92 - 1.31）。遭受家庭暴力（aOR 1.37，95% CI 1.11 - 1.68）和抑郁症状（aOR 1.03，95% CI 0.91 - 1.17）也没有改善。
在相对较短的时期内，新西兰青少年的健康与幸福状况有了重要改善。这些结果表明，青少年危险行为的总体发生率是可以改变的。当前的政策努力不应失去动力，同时必须为确定的优先领域提供充足资源，以确保年轻人现在和未来都有茁壮成长的机会。
