Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, USA; USC Brain Project, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, USA.
USC Brain Project, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2520, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2014 Mar;55:57-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.11.004. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
Part 1 provides Arbib's reflections on the influence of Marc Jeannerod on his career. Part 2 recalls the Mirror System Hypothesis (MSH) for the evolution of the language-ready brain, a theory which emphasizes the role of manual action in grounding language evolution, thus giving one meaning for "language is handy". Part 3 then joins in current debates over the notion of whether or not language is embodied. Our overall argument is that embodiment is a graded rather than binary concept, and that embodiment provides the evolutionary and developmental core of concepts and language, but that the modern human brain supports abstraction processes that make embodiment little relevant in a wide range of language use. We urge that, rather than debate the extent of embodiment, attention should turn to the integration of empirical studies with computational modeling to delineate in detail processes of abstraction, generalization, metaphor and more, bridging between modeling of neural mechanisms in macaque that may be posited for the brain of the last monkey-human common ancestor (LCA-m) and computational modeling of human language processing. Part 4 suggests that variants of construction grammar are well-suited to the latter task.
第一部分提供了阿尔比布（Arbib）对马克·雅格若德（Marc Jeannerod）对其职业生涯影响的反思。第二部分回顾了语言准备大脑的镜像系统假说（MSH），该理论强调了手动动作在语言进化中的基础性作用，从而为“语言是便利的”提供了一种解释。第三部分则加入了当前关于语言是否具有身体性的争论。我们的总体观点是，身体性是一个渐变的而非二元的概念，身体性为概念和语言提供了进化和发展的核心，但现代人类大脑支持抽象过程，使得身体性在广泛的语言使用中几乎没有关联。我们敦促人们，与其争论身体性的程度，不如将注意力转向将实证研究与计算建模相结合，以详细描绘抽象、概括、隐喻等过程，在假定的最后一个猴子-人类共同祖先（LCA-m）的大脑中的猕猴神经机制建模和人类语言处理的计算建模之间架起桥梁。第四部分表明，构式语法的变体非常适合后者的任务。
