Pampel Fred C, Mollborn Stefanie, Lawrence Elizabeth M
University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
Soc Sci Res. 2014 Jan;43:45-59. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Sep 11.
A huge literature has documented adult socioeconomic disparities in smoking but says less about how these disparities emerge over the life course. Building on findings that smoking among adolescents differs only modestly by parental SES, we utilize a life course perspective on social differentiation to help explain the widening disparities in smoking in young adulthood. Our theory suggests that achieved socioeconomic status and the nature and timing of adult role transitions affect age-based trajectories of smoking and widen disparities in adult smoking. The analyses use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which follows a representative national sample over four waves from ages 11-17 in 1994/1995 to 26-34 in 2007/2008. The results show divergent age trajectories in smoking by parental education and that achieved socioeconomic status and life course roles in young adulthood account in good part for differences in the age trajectories. The findings demonstrate the value of the life course perspective in understanding processes of increasing stratification in health behavior and health during the transition to adulthood.
大量文献记录了成年人在吸烟方面的社会经济差异，但对于这些差异在生命历程中是如何出现的却鲜有提及。基于青少年吸烟情况仅因父母社会经济地位（SES）存在适度差异这一研究发现，我们运用生命历程视角下的社会分化理论来解释青年成年期吸烟差异不断扩大的现象。我们的理论表明，已获得的社会经济地位以及成年角色转变的性质和时机，会影响基于年龄的吸烟轨迹，并扩大成年人吸烟的差异。分析使用了来自全国青少年健康纵向研究的数据，该研究对一个具有代表性的全国样本进行了四次跟踪调查，时间跨度从1994/1995年的11 - 17岁到2007/2008年的26 - 34岁。结果显示，按父母教育程度划分，吸烟的年龄轨迹呈现出差异，并且青年成年期已获得的社会经济地位和生命历程角色在很大程度上解释了年龄轨迹的差异。这些发现证明了生命历程视角在理解向成年期过渡过程中健康行为和健康方面分层加剧过程中的价值。
