Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, Pennsylvania.
J Youth Adolesc. 1988 Aug;18(4):361-75. doi: 10.1007/BF02139255.
Effects of differential male-female relational definitions of self on resolutions to the first six of Erikson's identity crises were examined in a sample of 388 adolescent males and females. Subject categorization of relational self-definitions was based on the Relational Self-Definition Scale. Resolutions to identity crises were measured by the Erikson Psychosocial Stage Inventory (EPSI). Predictions were drawn from theoretical notions related to Gilligan's view of distinctive male-female trends in self-other development and indicated that males with self-definitions separate from others and females with self-definitions connected with others would report higher degrees of positive resolutions on EPSI subscales compared to males with connected self-definitions and females with separate self-definitions. Results revealed that specific predictions were supported for resolutions to Trust, Initiative, and Intimacy crises independent of individual differences in age, educational level, vocabulary, and socioeconomic status of subjects. This suggests that gender differences in identity development may be linked to distinctive malefemale trends in the use of relational self-definitions consistent with Gilligan's views.
本研究以 388 名青少年男女为被试，考察了自我的性别关系定义对埃里克森前六个同一性危机解决的影响。关系自我定义的分类基于关系自我定义量表。同一性危机的解决程度通过埃里克森心理社会阶段量表(EPSI)进行衡量。研究结果是基于吉列根关于自我-他人发展中独特的男女趋势的理论观点得出的，预测表明，与具有联系性自我定义的男性和具有分离性自我定义的女性相比，具有与他人分离的自我定义的男性和具有与他人联系的自我定义的女性在 EPSI 分量表上的积极解决程度会更高。研究结果表明，在不考虑被试的年龄、教育水平、词汇量和社会经济地位等个体差异的情况下，对于信任、主动和亲密危机的解决，特定的预测得到了支持。这表明，身份发展中的性别差异可能与吉列根观点一致的、使用关系自我定义的独特的男女趋势有关。
