Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea; Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea; Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2014 Apr;56(4):334-42. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12139. Epub 2014 Feb 11.
Transcription factors constitute numerous signal transduction networks and play a central role in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have shown that a limited portion of transcription factors are anchored in the cellular membrane, storing as dormant forms. Upon exposure to environmental and developmental cues, these transcription factors are released from the membrane and translocated to the nucleus, where they regulate associated target genes. As this process skips both transcriptional and translational regulations, it guarantees prompt response to external and internal signals. Membrane-bound transcription factors (MTFs) undergo several unique steps that are not involved in the action of canonical nuclear transcription factors: proteolytic processing and intracellular movement. Recently, alternative splicing has also emerged as a mechanism to liberate MTFs from the cellular membranes, establishing an additional activation scheme independent of proteolytic processing. Multiple layers of MTF regulation add complexity to transcriptional regulatory scheme and ensure elaborate action of MTFs. In this review, we provide an overview of recent findings on MTFs in plants and highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying MTF liberation from cellular membranes with an emphasis on intracellular movement.
转录因子构成了众多信号转导网络，在基因表达调控中发挥着核心作用。最近的研究表明，一小部分转录因子锚定在细胞膜上，以休眠形式存在。当暴露于环境和发育信号时，这些转录因子从膜上释放出来并转移到细胞核中，在那里它们调节相关的靶基因。由于这个过程跳过了转录和翻译的调节，它保证了对外部和内部信号的快速响应。膜结合转录因子（MTFs）经历了几个与经典核转录因子无关的独特步骤：蛋白水解处理和细胞内运动。最近，选择性剪接也成为从细胞膜上释放 MTF 的一种机制，建立了一种独立于蛋白水解处理的额外激活方案。MTF 的多层调节为转录调控方案增加了复杂性，并确保了 MTF 的精细作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了植物中 MTF 的最新发现，并强调了 MTF 从细胞膜上释放的分子机制，重点是细胞内运动。
