Department of Biology and.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2014;65:365-84. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-040133. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
Investigators studying G protein-coupled signaling--often called the best-understood pathway in the world owing to intense research in medical fields--have adopted plants as a new model to explore the plasticity and evolution of G signaling. Much research on plant G signaling has not disappointed. Although plant cells have most of the core elements found in animal G signaling, differences in network architecture and intrinsic properties of plant G protein elements make G signaling in plant cells distinct from the animal paradigm. In contrast to animal G proteins, plant G proteins are self-activating, and therefore regulation of G activation in plants occurs at the deactivation step. The self-activating property also means that plant G proteins do not need and therefore do not have typical animal G protein-coupled receptors. Targets of activated plant G proteins, also known as effectors, are unlike effectors in animal cells. The simpler repertoire of G signal elements in Arabidopsis makes G signaling easier to manipulate in a multicellular context.
研究 G 蛋白偶联信号的研究人员——由于在医学领域的深入研究，通常被称为世界上研究最透彻的途径——已经采用植物作为一种新的模型来探索 G 信号的可塑性和进化。许多关于植物 G 信号的研究并没有让人失望。尽管植物细胞具有动物 G 信号中发现的大多数核心元件，但由于网络结构和植物 G 蛋白元件的固有特性的差异，植物细胞中的 G 信号与动物范例明显不同。与动物 G 蛋白不同，植物 G 蛋白是自我激活的，因此植物中 G 激活的调节发生在失活步骤。自我激活特性还意味着植物 G 蛋白不需要，因此也没有典型的动物 G 蛋白偶联受体。激活的植物 G 蛋白的靶标，也称为效应物，与动物细胞中的效应物不同。拟南芥中 G 信号元件的更简单的组合使得在多细胞环境中更容易操纵 G 信号。
