Kner Peter
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2013 Oct 1;30(10):1980-7. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.30.001980.
Phase diversity (PD) is a powerful technique for estimating wavefront aberrations from two-dimensional images of extended scenes. PD can work with extended incoherent images and, in an adaptive optics system, does not need extra hardware in addition to the deformable mirror. For these reasons, PD should be well suited to aberration measurement in microscopy applications. But, in biological widefield microscopy, the objects being imaged are frequently three-dimensional, and the images contain out-of-focus light. In this paper, we introduce multiplane PD and show that PD can be extended to widefield imaging of three-dimensional objects. This should be particularly useful in the field of biological fluorescence microscopy where the objects are very light sensitive and the aberrations cannot easily be determined.
相位多样性（PD）是一种从扩展场景的二维图像估计波前像差的强大技术。PD可用于扩展的非相干图像，并且在自适应光学系统中，除了可变形镜之外不需要额外的硬件。由于这些原因，PD应该非常适合显微镜应用中的像差测量。但是，在生物宽场显微镜中，被成像的物体通常是三维的，并且图像包含离焦光。在本文中，我们介绍了多平面PD，并表明PD可以扩展到三维物体的宽场成像。这在生物荧光显微镜领域应该特别有用，因为该领域中的物体对光非常敏感，并且像差不容易确定。
