Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Mar;21(6):4409-17. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2385-3. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
In the current study, the bioaccumulation of essential and nonessential metals and related antioxidant activity were analyzed in three organs (muscle, gills, and liver) of herbivorous (HF) and carnivorous (CF) edible fish of Chenab River. The comparative analysis revealed a more heterogeneous accumulation of metals in the muscles of HF fish than that of CF fish [chromium (Cr, 3.4 μg g(-1)), cobalt (Co, 1.7 μg g(-1)), copper (Cu, 3 μg g(-1)), and iron (Fe, 45 μg g(-1)) versus Cr (1.3 μg g(-1)), Co (0.1 μg g(-1)), Cu (1.1 μg g(-1)), and Fe (33 μg g(-1)), respectively, P<0.001]. These results implied an organ-specific accumulation of metals at different trophic levels. According to logistic regression analysis, the bioaccumulation of metals had marked differences in HF and CF. The antioxidant activity was significantly related to the tissue type and the metals to which the organs are exposed to. The liver of CF fish had a higher activity of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidase (LPO) than that of HF (P<0.05). LPO and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in both groups were associated with a number of metals, but in HF, cadmium (Cd), Cr, Pb, and Zn were more related with the LPO and SOD activities. Moreover, Cd, Co, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn were above the permissible limits set by various agencies. In numerous cases, our results were even higher than those previously reported in the literature. The results provide an insight into the pollution pattern of Chenab River. These results may be helpful in the future to identify biomarkers of exposure in aquatic organisms.
在本研究中，分析了食草性（HF）和肉食性（CF）食用鱼的三个器官（肌肉、鳃和肝脏）中必需和非必需金属的生物累积和相关抗氧化活性。比较分析显示，HF 鱼肌肉中金属的积累更为不均匀，与 CF 鱼相比[铬（Cr，3.4μg/g）、钴（Co，1.7μg/g）、铜（Cu，3μg/g）和铁（Fe，45μg/g）分别为 Cr（1.3μg/g）、Co（0.1μg/g）、Cu（1.1μg/g）和 Fe（33μg/g），P<0.001]。这些结果表明，金属在不同营养级别的器官中有特异性积累。根据逻辑回归分析，HF 和 CF 对金属的生物累积有明显差异。抗氧化活性与组织类型和器官暴露的金属密切相关。CF 鱼的肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和脂质过氧化物（LPO）的活性均高于 HF 鱼（P<0.05）。两组的 LPO 和愈创木酚过氧化物酶（POD）都与多种金属有关，但在 HF 中，镉（Cd）、Cr、Pb 和 Zn 与 LPO 和 SOD 活性的关系更为密切。此外，Cd、Co、Fe、Pb、Ni、Cu 和 Zn 均超过了多个机构设定的允许限值。在许多情况下，我们的结果甚至高于文献中以前报道的结果。这些结果提供了对 Chenab 河污染模式的深入了解。这些结果可能有助于未来识别水生生物暴露的生物标志物。
