Mang Géraldine M, Franken Paul
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Genopode Building, 1015, Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland,
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2015;25:25-63. doi: 10.1007/7854_2013_270.
Sleep is a complex behavior both in its manifestation and regulation, that is common to almost all animal species studied thus far. Sleep is not a unitary behavior and has many different aspects, each of which is tightly regulated and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Despite its essential role for performance, health, and well-being, genetic mechanisms underlying this complex behavior remain poorly understood. One important aspect of sleep concerns its homeostatic regulation, which ensures that levels of sleep need are kept within a range still allowing optimal functioning during wakefulness. Uncovering the genetic pathways underlying the homeostatic aspect of sleep is of particular importance because it could lead to insights concerning sleep's still elusive function and is therefore a main focus of current sleep research. In this chapter, we first give a definition of sleep homeostasis and describe the molecular genetics techniques that are used to examine it. We then provide a conceptual discussion on the problem of assessing a sleep homeostatic phenotype in various animal models. We finally highlight some of the studies with a focus on clock genes and adenosine signaling molecules.
睡眠在其表现形式和调节方面都是一种复杂的行为，几乎是迄今为止所研究的所有动物物种所共有的。睡眠不是一种单一的行为，它有许多不同的方面，每个方面都受到遗传和环境因素的严格调节和影响。尽管睡眠对表现、健康和幸福起着至关重要的作用，但这种复杂行为背后的遗传机制仍知之甚少。睡眠的一个重要方面涉及其稳态调节，它确保睡眠需求水平保持在一个范围内，仍然允许在清醒时发挥最佳功能。揭示睡眠稳态方面的遗传途径尤为重要，因为这可能会带来有关睡眠仍难以捉摸的功能的见解，因此是当前睡眠研究的一个主要重点。在本章中，我们首先给出睡眠稳态的定义，并描述用于研究它的分子遗传学技术。然后，我们就评估各种动物模型中的睡眠稳态表型问题进行概念性讨论。我们最后重点介绍一些以时钟基因和腺苷信号分子为重点的研究。
