Schwager Susanne, Rothermund Klaus
a Department of Psychology , Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Jena , Germany.
Cogn Emot. 2014;28(6):971-92. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2013.866074. Epub 2013 Dec 17.
Valence biases in attention allocation were assessed after remembering positive or negative personal events that were either still emotionally hot or to which the person had already adapted psychologically. Differences regarding the current state of psychological adjustment were manipulated experimentally by instructing participants to recall distant vs. recent events (Experiment 1) or affectively hot events vs. events to which the person had accommodated already (Experiment 2). Valence biases in affective processing were measured with a valence search task. Processes of emotional counter-regulation (i.e., attention allocation to stimuli of opposite valence to the emotional event) were elicited by remembering affectively hot events, whereas congruency effects (i.e., attention allocation to stimuli of the same valence as the emotional event) were obtained for events for which a final appraisal had already been established. The results of our study help to resolve conflicting findings from the literature regarding congruent vs. incongruent effects of remembering emotional events on affective processing. We discuss implications of our findings for the conception of emotions and for the dynamics of emotion regulation processes.
在回忆仍处于情绪激动状态或个人已在心理上适应的积极或消极个人事件后，评估注意力分配中的效价偏差。通过指示参与者回忆遥远的与近期的事件（实验1）或情感上激动的事件与个人已经适应的事件（实验2），对心理适应的当前状态差异进行了实验性操纵。使用效价搜索任务测量情感加工中的效价偏差。回忆情感上激动的事件会引发情绪反调节过程（即，将注意力分配到与情感事件效价相反的刺激上），而对于已经建立最终评估的事件，则会获得一致性效应（即，将注意力分配到与情感事件效价相同的刺激上）。我们的研究结果有助于解决文献中关于回忆情感事件对情感加工的一致与不一致效应的相互矛盾的发现。我们讨论了我们的发现对情绪概念以及情绪调节过程动态的影响。
