DeVito Elise E, Herman Aryeh I, Waters Andrew J, Valentine Gerald W, Sofuoglu Mehmet
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
1] Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA [2] VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014 May;39(6):1431-40. doi: 10.1038/npp.2013.339. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
Nicotine dependence is a serious public health concern. Optimal treatment of nicotine dependence will require greater understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of smoking behaviors. A growing literature indicates sex and menstrual phase differences in responses to nicotine. The aim of this study was to assess sex and menstrual phase influences on a broad range of measures of nicotine response including subjective drug effects, cognition, physiological responses, and symptoms of withdrawal, craving, and affect. Using a well-established intravenous nicotine paradigm and biochemical confirmation of overnight abstinence and menstrual cycle phase, analyses were performed to compare sex (age 18-50 years; 115 male and 45 female) and menstrual cycle phase (29 follicular and 16 luteal) effects. Females had diminished subjective drug effects of, but greater physiological responses to, nicotine administration. Luteal-phase females showed diminished subjective drug effects and better cognition relative to follicular-phase women. These findings offer candidate mechanisms through which the luteal phase, wherein progesterone is dominant relative to estradiol, may be protective against vulnerability to smoking.
尼古丁依赖是一个严重的公共卫生问题。对尼古丁依赖的最佳治疗需要更深入地了解导致吸烟行为持续的机制。越来越多的文献表明，对尼古丁的反应存在性别和月经周期阶段差异。本研究的目的是评估性别和月经周期阶段对一系列尼古丁反应指标的影响，包括主观药物效应、认知、生理反应以及戒断、渴望和情绪症状。使用成熟的静脉注射尼古丁范式以及过夜戒烟和月经周期阶段的生化确认，进行分析以比较性别（18 - 50岁；115名男性和45名女性）和月经周期阶段（29名处于卵泡期和16名处于黄体期）的影响。女性对尼古丁给药的主观药物效应减弱，但生理反应增强。相对于卵泡期女性，黄体期女性的主观药物效应减弱且认知更好。这些发现提供了可能的机制，通过这些机制，在黄体期，相对于雌二醇，孕酮占主导地位，可能对吸烟易感性具有保护作用。
