Chimirri Serafina, Aiello Rossana, Mazzitello Carmela, Mumoli Laura, Palleria Caterina, Altomonte Mariolina, Citraro Rita, De Sarro Giovambattista
Department of Science of Health, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy and Pharmacovigilance's Center Calabria Region, University Hospital Mater Domini, Catanzaro, Italy.
Pharmacy Unit, Bianco-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013 Dec;4(Suppl 1):S104-9. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.120969.
Vertigo, dizziness, and nausea encompass a spectrum of balance-related symptoms caused by a variety of etiologies. Balance is affected by many systems: Proprioceptive pathways and visual, cerebellar, vestibulocochlear, and vascular / vasovagal systems. Vertigo is a subtype of dizziness, in which a subject, as a result to a dysfunction of the vestibular system, improperly experiments the perception of motion. The most useful clinical subdivision is to categorize vertigo into true vertigo and pseudovertigo, whereas from a pathophysiological point of view, vertigo can be classified into central, peripheral, and psychogenic. It is not easy to identify the cause of vertigo since the patients often are not able to precisely describe their symptoms. An impressive list of drugs may cause vertigo or dizziness.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the data extracted from the reporting cards of the ADRs (adverse drug reactions), received at our Pharmacovigilance Regional Center (Calabria, Italy) in 2012. In particular, the data concerning the occurrence of vertigo and dizziness, after taking certain classes of drugs, have been considered.
Our results show that, among the side-effects of different classes of drugs such as anti-convulsants, anti-hypertensives, antibiotics, anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, and anti-inflammatory, also vertigo or dizziness are included.
Spontaneous reports of vertigo or dizziness, as side-effect of certain drugs, received at our Pharmacovigilance Center, represented the 5% of all reports in 2012. Considering the high incidence of such an ADR for several drugs' classes, it can be speculated that under-reporting also affect vertigo and dizziness. Despite the fact that these ADRs might not represent a direct threaten for life, indirectly they can cause secondary damage to patients such as falls, fractures etc. Balance should be accurately monitored during drug use and particularly in fragile patients.
眩晕、头晕和恶心包含了一系列由多种病因引起的与平衡相关的症状。平衡受许多系统影响：本体感觉通路以及视觉、小脑、前庭蜗和血管/血管迷走神经等系统。眩晕是头晕的一种亚型，由于前庭系统功能障碍，个体在此过程中会错误地体验到运动感知。最有用的临床分类是将眩晕分为真性眩晕和假性眩晕，而从病理生理学角度来看，眩晕可分为中枢性、外周性和心因性。由于患者往往无法精确描述其症状，因此确定眩晕的病因并非易事。有一长串令人印象深刻的药物可能会导致眩晕或头晕。
本研究的目的是分析2012年从我们意大利卡拉布里亚地区药物警戒中心收到的药品不良反应报告卡中提取的数据。特别是，已考虑了服用某些类药物后出现眩晕和头晕的相关数据。
我们的结果表明，在不同类药物（如抗惊厥药、抗高血压药、抗生素、抗抑郁药、抗精神病药和抗炎药）的副作用中，也包括眩晕或头晕。
我们药物警戒中心收到的作为某些药物副作用的眩晕或头晕自发报告，在2012年占所有报告的5%。鉴于此类药品不良反应在多种药物类别中发生率较高，可以推测漏报情况也影响了眩晕和头晕的报告。尽管这些药品不良反应可能不会对生命构成直接威胁，但它们可能会间接导致患者出现跌倒、骨折等继发性损伤。在用药期间，尤其是在脆弱患者中，应准确监测平衡情况。
