McCambridge Jim, Cunningham John A
Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Addiction. 2014 Apr;109(4):538-46. doi: 10.1111/add.12458. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
This study explores the early development of brief interventions for alcohol using a history of ideas approach with a particular focus on intervention content.
The source publications of the key primary studies published from approximately 1962 to 1992 were examined, followed by a brief review of the earliest reviews in this field. These studies were placed in the context of developments in alcohol research and in public health.
After early pioneering work on brief interventions, further advances were not made until thinking about alcohol problems and their treatment, most notably on controlled drinking, along with wider changes in public health, created new conditions for progress. There was then a golden era of rapid advance in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when preventing the development of problem drinking became important for public health reasons, in addition to helping already problematic drinkers. Many research challenges identified at that time remain to be met. The content of brief interventions changed over the period of study, although not in ways well informed by research advances, and there were also obvious continuities, with a renewed emphasis on the facilitation of self-change being one important consequence of the development of internet applications.
Ideas about brief interventions have changed in important ways. Brief interventions have been studied with different populations of drinkers, with aims embracing both individual and population-level perspectives, and without well-specified contents. The brief intervention field is an appropriate target for further historical investigations, which may help thinking about addressing alcohol and other problems.
本研究采用思想史方法，特别关注干预内容，探讨酒精简短干预的早期发展。
查阅了大约1962年至1992年发表的关键基础研究的原始出版物，随后对该领域最早的综述进行了简要回顾。这些研究被置于酒精研究和公共卫生发展的背景下。
在简短干预的早期开创性工作之后，直到对酒精问题及其治疗的思考，尤其是对适度饮酒的思考，以及公共卫生领域更广泛的变化为进展创造了新条件，才取得了进一步的进展。然后在20世纪80年代末和90年代初出现了快速发展的黄金时代，当时除了帮助已经有饮酒问题的人之外，出于公共卫生原因，预防问题饮酒的发展变得很重要。当时确定的许多研究挑战仍有待解决。在研究期间，简短干预的内容发生了变化，尽管并非以研究进展充分告知的方式，而且也有明显的连续性，互联网应用的发展带来的一个重要结果是重新强调促进自我改变。
关于简短干预的观念在重要方面发生了变化。简短干预已针对不同饮酒人群进行了研究，目标涵盖个人和人群层面的视角，且内容未明确界定。简短干预领域是进一步进行历史研究的合适目标，这可能有助于思考如何解决酒精及其他问题。
