Agaku Israel T, Vardavas Constantine I
Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2013 Dec 17;8(12):e83058. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083058. eCollection 2013.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes disease and death among nonsmokers. With a plethora of smoke-free legislation implemented and a steady decrease in cigarette consumption noted over the past decade in the U.S., this study assessed trends in indoor SHS exposure among U.S. adolescents in grades 6-12 during 2000-2009.
Data were obtained from the 2000-2009 National Youth Tobacco Survey - a national survey of U.S. middle and high school students. SHS exposure within an indoor area within the past seven days was self-reported. Trends in indoor SHS exposure during 2000-2009 were assessed overall and by socio-demographic characteristics, using the Wald's test in a binary logistic regression. Within-group comparisons were performed using chi-squared statistics (p<0.05).
The proportion of U.S. middle and high school students who were exposed to indoor SHS declined from 65.5% in 2000 to 40.5% in 2009 (p<0.05 for linear trend). Significant declines were also observed across all population subgroups. Between 2000 and 2009, prevalence of indoor SHS exposure declined significantly among both middle (58.5% to 34.3%) and high school (71.5% to 45.4%) students. Prevalence of indoor SHS exposure was significantly higher among girls (44.0% in 2009) compared to boys (37.2% in 2009) during each survey year. Similarly, prevalence of indoor SHS exposure during 2000-2009 was highest among non-Hispanic whites (44.2% in 2009) and lowest among non-Hispanic Asians (30.2% in 2009). During each survey year, prevalence was highest among the oldest age group (≥18 years) and lowest among the youngest (9-11 years). Also, prevalence was significantly higher among current cigarette smokers (83.8% in 2009) compared to nonsmokers (34.0% in 2009).
Significant declines in indoor SHS exposure among U.S. middle and high school students occurred during 2000-2009. While the results are encouraging, additional efforts are needed to further reduce youth indoor SHS exposure.
接触二手烟会导致非吸烟者患病和死亡。随着美国在过去十年中实施了大量无烟立法，且卷烟消费量持续下降，本研究评估了2000年至2009年期间美国6至12年级青少年室内二手烟接触情况的趋势。
数据来自2000年至2009年全国青少年烟草调查——一项针对美国初中和高中学生的全国性调查。过去七天内在室内区域接触二手烟的情况由学生自行报告。使用二元逻辑回归中的Wald检验，总体评估并按社会人口学特征评估2000年至2009年期间室内二手烟接触情况的趋势。组内比较采用卡方统计（p<0.05）。
美国初中和高中学生接触室内二手烟的比例从2000年的65.5%下降到2009年的40.5%（线性趋势p<0.05）。在所有人群亚组中也观察到显著下降。2000年至2009年期间，初中（从58.5%降至34.3%）和高中（从71.5%降至45.4%）学生的室内二手烟接触率均显著下降。在每个调查年份，女孩（2009年为44.0%）的室内二手烟接触率均显著高于男孩（2009年为37.2%）。同样，2000年至2009年期间，非西班牙裔白人的室内二手烟接触率最高（2009年为44.2%），非西班牙裔亚洲人最低（2009年为30.2%）。在每个调查年份，年龄最大组（≥18岁）的接触率最高，最小组（9至11岁）最低。此外，当前吸烟者（2009年为83.8%）的接触率显著高于非吸烟者（2009年为34.0%）。
2000年至2009年期间，美国初中和高中学生的室内二手烟接触率显著下降。虽然结果令人鼓舞，但仍需进一步努力以进一步降低青少年的室内二手烟接触率。
