Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University.
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University.
Emotion. 2014 Apr;14(2):397-406. doi: 10.1037/a0035079. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
We examined the relations of negative emotions in toddlerhood to the development of ego-resiliency and social competence across early childhood. Specifically, we addressed whether fear and anger/frustration in 30-month-old children (N = 213) was associated with the development of ego-resiliency across 4 time points (42 to 84 months), and, in turn, whether ego-resiliency predicted social competence at 84 months. Child anger/frustration negatively predicted the intercept of ego-resiliency at 42 months (controlling for prior ego-resiliency at 18 months) as well as the slope. Fear did not significantly predict either the intercept or slope of ego-resiliency in the structural model, although it was positively correlated with anger/frustration and was negatively related to ego-resiliency in zero-order correlations. The slope of ego-resiliency was positively related to children's social competence at 84 months; however, the intercept of ego-resiliency (set at 42 months) was not a significant predictor of later social competence. Furthermore, the slope of ego-resiliency mediated the relations between anger/frustration and children's later social competence. The results suggest that individual differences in anger/frustration might contribute to the development of ego-resiliency, which, in turn, is associated with children's social competence.
我们研究了幼儿期的负面情绪与整个幼儿期的自我韧性和社会能力发展之间的关系。具体来说，我们探讨了 30 个月大的儿童（N=213）的恐惧和愤怒/挫折是否与 4 个时间点（42 至 84 个月）的自我韧性发展有关，以及自我韧性是否反过来预测 84 个月时的社会能力。儿童的愤怒/挫折负向预测了 42 个月时自我韧性的截距（控制了 18 个月时的先前自我韧性）以及斜率。在结构模型中，恐惧并没有显著预测自我韧性的截距或斜率，尽管它与愤怒/挫折呈正相关，并且在零阶相关中与自我韧性呈负相关。自我韧性的斜率与 84 个月时儿童的社会能力呈正相关；然而，自我韧性的截距（设定在 42 个月）并不是后来社会能力的显著预测因素。此外，自我韧性的斜率中介了愤怒/挫折与儿童后来社会能力之间的关系。研究结果表明，愤怒/挫折的个体差异可能会导致自我韧性的发展，而自我韧性的发展又与儿童的社会能力有关。
