Bush Nicole R, Lengua Liliana J, Colder Craig R
University of Washington, Seattle, Department of Psychology, Box 351525, Seattle WA 98195-1525, USA.
J Appl Dev Psychol. 2010 Sep;31(5):351-361. doi: 10.1016/j.appdev.2010.06.004.
Although proposed by bioecological models, there has been minimal empirical examination of whether children's individual differences moderate neighborhood effects on development. We used an urban community sample (8-12 years, N = 316) to examine interactions among neighborhood characteristics (problems and social organization) and children's temperament (fear, irritability and impulsivity) in predicting psychosocial adjustment. The main effects of neighborhood and temperament on outcomes were consistent with previous research. Findings show that development is challenging in disadvantaged neighborhoods whatever one's temperament, however, some effects of neighborhood were conditioned by temperament, particularly children's fear and irritability. Neighborhood problems were more strongly related to lower social competence for fearful and for less irritable children. Neighborhood problems were more strongly related to higher internalizing problems for low-fear children. Neighborhood social organization was more strongly related to greater social competence for low-fear children. Findings are discussed in relation to "diathesis-stress" and "differential responsiveness" models of temperament.
尽管生物生态学模型提出了这一观点，但对于儿童个体差异是否会调节邻里环境对其发展的影响，实证研究却很少。我们采用了一个城市社区样本（8至12岁，N = 316）来检验邻里特征（问题和社会组织）与儿童气质（恐惧、易怒和冲动）之间的相互作用对心理社会适应的预测作用。邻里环境和气质对结果的主效应与先前的研究一致。研究结果表明，无论一个人的气质如何，在弱势邻里环境中成长都具有挑战性，然而，邻里环境的一些影响受到气质的制约，特别是儿童的恐惧和易怒。邻里问题与恐惧程度高和易怒程度低的儿童较低的社会能力更密切相关。邻里问题与恐惧程度低的儿童较高的内化问题更密切相关。邻里社会组织与恐惧程度低的儿童更强的社会能力更密切相关。研究结果结合气质的“素质-应激”和“差异反应性”模型进行了讨论。
