Guilhelmelli Fernanda, Vilela Nathália, Albuquerque Patrícia, Derengowski Lorena da S, Silva-Pereira Ildinete, Kyaw Cynthia M
Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil.
Laboratório de Microbiologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília Brasília, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2013 Dec 9;4:353. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00353.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are natural antibiotics produced by various organisms such as mammals, arthropods, plants, and bacteria. In addition to antimicrobial activity, AMPs can induce chemokine production, accelerate angiogenesis, and wound healing and modulate apoptosis in multicellular organisms. Originally, their antimicrobial mechanism of action was thought to consist solely of an increase in pathogen cell membrane permeability, but it has already been shown that several AMPs do not modulate membrane permeability in the minimal lethal concentration. Instead, they exert their effects by inhibiting processes such as protein and cell wall synthesis, as well as enzyme activity, among others. Although resistance to these molecules is uncommon several pathogens developed different strategies to overcome AMPs killing such as surface modification, expression of efflux pumps, and secretion of proteases among others. This review describes the various mechanisms of action of AMPs and how pathogens evolve resistance to them.
抗菌肽（AMPs）是由哺乳动物、节肢动物、植物和细菌等多种生物体产生的天然抗生素。除了抗菌活性外，抗菌肽还能诱导趋化因子产生、加速血管生成、促进伤口愈合，并调节多细胞生物体中的细胞凋亡。最初，人们认为它们的抗菌作用机制仅包括增加病原体细胞膜通透性，但已经表明，几种抗菌肽在最小致死浓度下并不调节膜通透性。相反，它们通过抑制蛋白质和细胞壁合成以及酶活性等过程发挥作用。尽管对这些分子的耐药性并不常见，但几种病原体已开发出不同策略来克服抗菌肽的杀伤作用，如表面修饰、表达外排泵和分泌蛋白酶等。本综述描述了抗菌肽的各种作用机制以及病原体如何对其产生耐药性。
