a University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) , Ann Arbor , Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2014;15(3):262-72. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2013.808742.
The primary objective of this study was to better understand how self-regulatory driving practices at multiple levels of driver decision making are influenced by various factors. Specifically, the study investigated patterns of tactical and strategic self-regulation among a sample of 246 Australian older drivers. Of special interest was the relative influence of several variables on the adoption of self-regulation, including self-perceptions of health, functioning, and abilities for safe driving and driving confidence and comfort.
The research was carried out at the Monash University Accident Research Centre, as part of its Ozcandrive study, a partnership with the Canadian Driving Research Initiative for Vehicular Safety in the Elderly (Candrive), and in conjunction with the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI). Candrive/Ozcandrive represents the first study to follow a large group of older drivers over several years and collect comprehensive self-reported and objectively derived data on health, functioning, and driving. This study used a subset of data from the Candrive/Ozcandrive study. Upon enrolling in the study, participants underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment during which data on visual, cognitive, and psychomotor functioning were collected. Approximately 4 months after study enrollment, participants completed the Advanced Driving Decisions and Patterns of Travel (ADDAPT) questionnaire, a computer-based self-regulation instrument developed and pilot-tested at UMTRI.
Self-regulation among older adults was found to be a multidimensional concept. Rates of self-regulation were tied closely to specific driving situations, as well as level of decision making. In addition, self-regulatory practices at the strategic and tactical levels of decision making were influenced by different sets of factors.
Continuing efforts to better understand the self-regulatory practices of older drivers at multiple levels of driver performance and decision making should provide important insights into how the transition from driving to nondriving can be better managed to balance the interdependent needs of public safety and personal mobility.
本研究的主要目的是更好地了解在驾驶员决策的多个层面上的自我调节驾驶实践是如何受到各种因素影响的。具体来说，本研究调查了 246 名澳大利亚老年驾驶员样本中战术和战略自我调节的模式。特别感兴趣的是几个变量对自我调节采用的相对影响，包括对健康、功能和安全驾驶能力以及驾驶信心和舒适度的自我感知。
该研究在莫纳什大学事故研究中心进行，作为其 Ozcandrive 研究的一部分，该研究是与加拿大老年驾驶安全驾驶研究倡议（Candrive）和密歇根大学交通研究所以及 Candrive/Ozcandrive 合作进行的，是第一个在多年内跟踪一大群老年驾驶员并收集健康、功能和驾驶方面的综合自我报告和客观数据的研究。本研究使用了 Candrive/Ozcandrive 研究的一个子数据集。在参加研究时，参与者接受了全面的临床评估，在此期间收集了有关视觉、认知和心理运动功能的数据。在研究登记后的大约 4 个月，参与者完成了先进驾驶决策和出行模式（ADDAPT）问卷，这是一种在密歇根大学交通研究所开发和试点测试的基于计算机的自我调节工具。
研究发现，老年人的自我调节是一个多维的概念。自我调节的比率与特定的驾驶情况以及决策水平密切相关。此外，战略和战术决策层面的自我调节实践受到不同因素集的影响。
继续努力更好地了解老年驾驶员在驾驶员绩效和决策的多个层面上的自我调节实践，应该可以深入了解如何更好地管理从驾驶到非驾驶的过渡，以平衡公共安全和个人机动性的相互依存需求。
