彭博慈善全球道路安全计划（前身为 RS10）在俄罗斯的活动：一个国家以下级项目的有希望成果。

Activities of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Programme (formerly RS10) in Russia: promising results from a sub-national project.

机构信息

Johns Hopkins International Injury Research Unit, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Lipetsk State University of Technology, the Federal State Institution of Higher Professional Education, Russia.

出版信息

Injury. 2013 Dec;44 Suppl 4:S64-9. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70215-8.

DOI:10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70215-8

PMID:24377782

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

In Russia, the high Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) rate has been attributed to two well-known risk factors - the low rates of seatbelt and child restraints use and speeding. Despite the importance of understanding both speeding and seatbelt use patterns for the purpose of direct interventions or monitoring road safety situation, no study has assessed the current status of speeding among all vehicles and seatbelt wearing rates among all vehicle occupants in Russia. We are aware that alcohol is a known risk factor for RTI in the country however the work focused on seat belts and speed. This research was conducted as part of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Programme and focuses on observed speeding and seatbelt use in two Russian regions: Lipetskaya and Ivanovskaya Oblast.

METHODS

Data was collected through observational surveys on selected roads in the two interventions sites (Lipetskaya and Ivanovskaya Oblast) between October 2010 and March 2013. The percentage of seatbelt use by drivers and passengers and the percentage of speeding vehicles by speed limit and road types were calculated.

RESULTS

Observational studies on speeding show signs that drivers are speeding less from the first survey held in July 2011 in Lipetskaya Oblast and March 2012 in Ivanovksya Oblast. Overall the observational studies showed a consistent reduction in the proportion of vehicles exceeding the speed limit: from 54.7% (2012) to 40.1% (2013) in Ivanovskaya Oblast and from 47.0% (2011) to 26.1% (2013) in Lipetskaya Oblast. Observational studies on seatbelt use demonstrate an increase in seatbelt wearing rates from the first survey held in October 2010 in Lipetskaya Oblast and April 2011 in Ivanovskaya Oblast. The overall prevalence of seatbelt use increased from 52.4% (2010) to 73.5% (2013) amongst all occupants in Lipetskaya Oblast and from 47.5% (2011) to 88.8% (2013) in Ivanovskaya Oblast.

CONCLUSION

Preliminary results show some promising signs that speeding and seatbelt use are moving in the right direction in both intervention sites subsequent to the various countermeasures being implemented under the Global Road Safety Programme. The study demonstrates the need for further targeted interventions to increase drivers' compliance with the speed limit and seatbelt use. However, it is too early to draw any definite conclusions or to fully attribute the effect to the interventions.

摘要

目的

在俄罗斯，道路交通伤害（RTI）发生率较高，这归因于两个众所周知的危险因素，即安全带和儿童约束装置使用率低以及超速。尽管了解超速和安全带使用模式对于直接干预或监测道路安全状况非常重要，但尚无研究评估俄罗斯所有车辆的超速现状和所有车辆乘员的安全带佩戴率。我们知道，在该国，酒精是 RTI 的一个已知危险因素，但这项工作侧重于安全带和速度。这项研究是彭博慈善基金会全球道路安全计划的一部分，重点是在俄罗斯的两个地区观察超速和使用安全带的情况：利佩茨克地区和伊万诺夫斯克地区。

方法

数据是通过 2010 年 10 月至 2013 年 3 月在两个干预地点（利佩茨克地区和伊万诺夫斯克地区）的选定道路上进行观测调查收集的。计算了驾驶员和乘客使用安全带的百分比以及超速车辆超过限速和道路类型的百分比。

结果

超速观测研究表明，从 2011 年 7 月在利佩茨克地区和 2012 年 3 月在伊万诺夫斯克地区进行的第一次调查开始，司机的速度有所降低。总体而言，观测研究表明，超过限速的车辆比例持续减少：从 2012 年的 54.7%（2012 年）降至 2013 年的 40.1%（2013 年）在伊万诺夫斯克地区，以及从 2011 年的 47.0%（2011 年）降至 2013 年的 26.1%（2013 年）在利佩茨克地区。使用安全带的观测研究表明，从 2010 年 10 月在利佩茨克地区和 2011 年 4 月在伊万诺夫斯克地区进行的第一次调查开始，安全带佩戴率有所提高。利佩茨克地区所有乘客的安全带使用率总体从 2010 年的 52.4%（2010 年）增加到 2013 年的 73.5%（2013 年），而伊万诺夫斯克地区的安全带使用率从 2011 年的 47.5%（2011 年）增加到 2013 年的 88.8%（2013 年）。