Vecino-Ortiz Andres I, Bishai David, Chandran Aruna, Bhalla Kavi, Bachani Abdulgafoor M, Gupta Shivam, Slyunkina Ekaterina, Hyder Adnan A
International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
International Injury Research Unit, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Oct;71:115-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.020. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
In settings with low seatbelt use prevalence, self-reported seatbelt use estimates often lack validity, and routine observational studies are scarce. In this paper, we aim to describe the prevalence of seatbelt use and associated factors in drivers and front-seat passengers across eight sites in four countries (Egypt, Mexico, Russia, Turkey) using observational studies as well as to produce estimates of country-level and site-level variance. As part of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program, data on driver and passenger seatbelt use across four middle-income countries was collected between October 2010 and May 2011 (n=122,931 vehicles). Logistic regression and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient analyses for sites- and country-level clustering were performed. We found high variability of seatbelt wearing rates ranging from 4 to 72% in drivers and 3-50% in front-seat passengers. Overall, average seatbelt wearing rates were low (under 60% in most sites). At the individual level, older and female drivers were more likely to wear seatbelts, as well as drivers of vehicles transiting at times of increased vehicle flow. We also found that 26-32% and 37-41% of the variance in seatbelt use among drivers and front-seat passengers respectively was explained by differences across sites and countries. Our results demonstrate that there is room for improvement on seatbelt use in middle-income countries and that standardized cross-country studies on road safety risk factors are feasible, providing valuable information for prevention and monitoring activities.
在安全带使用率较低的地区，自我报告的安全带使用估计往往缺乏有效性，而且常规观察性研究也很少见。在本文中，我们旨在通过观察性研究描述四个国家（埃及、墨西哥、俄罗斯、土耳其）八个地点的驾驶员和前排乘客的安全带使用情况及相关因素，并对国家层面和地点层面的差异进行估计。作为彭博慈善基金会全球道路安全项目的一部分，2010年10月至2011年5月期间收集了四个中等收入国家驾驶员和乘客安全带使用情况的数据（n = 122,931辆车）。对地点和国家层面的聚类进行了逻辑回归和组内相关系数分析。我们发现安全带佩戴率差异很大，驾驶员的佩戴率在4%至72%之间，前排乘客的佩戴率在3%至50%之间。总体而言，平均安全带佩戴率较低（大多数地点低于60%）。在个体层面，年龄较大的驾驶员和女性驾驶员更有可能系安全带，以及在车流量增加时出行的车辆驾驶员。我们还发现，驾驶员和前排乘客安全带使用差异中分别有26% - 32%和37% - 41%可由不同地点和国家的差异来解释。我们的结果表明，中等收入国家的安全带使用情况仍有改善空间，而且关于道路安全风险因素的标准化跨国研究是可行的，可为预防和监测活动提供有价值的信息。
