School of Public Health and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, GPO Box U1987 Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
Nutrients. 2014 Jan 6;6(1):276-88. doi: 10.3390/nu6010276.
For infants' optimal growth and development, the introduction of nutritionally suitable solid foods at the appropriate time is essential. However, less attention has been paid to this stage of infant life when compared with studies on breastfeeding initiation and duration. The practice of introducing solid foods, including the types of foods given to infants, in the Asia Pacific region was reviewed. In total nine studies using the same questionnaire on infant feeding practices were analysed to gain a better understanding of trends in the introduction of solid foods in this region. All studies showed less than optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding indicating an earlier time of introduction of solid foods than recommended by the WHO. Most mothers commonly used rice or rice products as the first feed. In many studies, the timing of introducing solid foods was associated with breastfeeding duration. Compared with the Recommended Nutrient Intakes for infants aged above six months, rice/rice products are of lower energy density and have insufficient micronutrients unless they have been fortified. Although the timing of introducing solid foods to infants is important in terms of preventing later health problems, the quality of the foods should also be considered. Recommendations to improve the introduction of solid foods include measures to discourage prelacteal feeding, facilitating breastfeeding education and providing better information on healthier food choices for infants.
为了婴儿的最佳生长和发育，在适当的时候引入营养适宜的固体食物是至关重要的。然而，与母乳喂养开始和持续时间的研究相比，人们对婴儿生命这一阶段的关注较少。本文综述了亚太地区婴儿固体食物引入的实践情况，包括给婴儿食用的食物类型。总共分析了 9 项使用相同婴儿喂养实践问卷的研究，以更好地了解该地区固体食物引入的趋势。所有研究都表明，纯母乳喂养的持续时间不理想，表明固体食物的引入时间早于世界卫生组织的建议。大多数母亲通常将米饭或米制品作为第一种食物。在许多研究中，引入固体食物的时间与母乳喂养的持续时间有关。与 6 个月以上婴儿的推荐营养素摄入量相比，除非经过强化，否则米饭/米制品的能量密度较低，且缺乏足够的微量营养素。虽然在预防后期健康问题方面，给婴儿引入固体食物的时间很重要，但食物的质量也应加以考虑。改善固体食物引入的建议包括采取措施劝阻非母乳喂养、促进母乳喂养教育，并为婴儿提供更健康食物选择的相关信息。
