Environment Department, University of York , Heslington, York, U.K. YO10 5DD.
J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Jan 29;62(4):816-25. doi: 10.1021/jf404282y. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
Pharmaceuticals have been detected in the soil environment where there is the potential for uptake into crops. This study explored the fate and uptake of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine, propranolol, sulfamethazine) and a personal care product (triclosan) in soil-plant systems using radish (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Five of the six chemicals were detected in plant tissue. Carbamazepine was taken up to the greatest extent in both the radish (52 μg/g) and ryegrass (33 μg/g), whereas sulfamethazine uptake was below the limit of quantitation (LOQ) (<0.01 μg/g). In the soil, concentrations of diclofenac and sulfamethazine dropped below the LOQ after 7 days. However, all pharmaceuticals were still detectable in the pore water at the end of the experiment. The results demonstrate the ability of plant species to accumulate pharmaceuticals from soils with uptake apparently specific to both plant species and chemical. Results can be partly explained by the hydrophobicity and extent of ionization of each chemical in the soil.
土壤环境中已检测到存在具有被作物吸收潜力的药物。本研究使用萝卜（Raphanus sativus）和黑麦草（Lolium perenne）探索了土壤-植物系统中药物（卡马西平、双氯芬酸、氟西汀、普萘洛尔、磺胺甲恶唑）和个人护理产品（三氯生）的归宿和吸收情况。六种化学物质中有五种在植物组织中被检测到。卡马西平在萝卜（52μg/g）和黑麦草（33μg/g）中的吸收程度最大，而磺胺甲恶唑的吸收量低于定量限（LOQ）（<0.01μg/g）。在土壤中，双氯芬酸和磺胺甲恶唑的浓度在 7 天后降至 LOQ 以下。然而，在实验结束时，所有药物仍可在孔隙水中检测到。结果表明，植物物种具有从土壤中吸收药物的能力，吸收显然对植物物种和化学物质都具有特异性。结果可以部分解释为每种化学物质在土壤中的疏水性和离解程度。
