Bédard Alexandra, Dodin Sylvie, Corneau Louise, Lemieux Simone
1 Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University , Québec, Canada .
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Mar;12(2):95-101. doi: 10.1089/met.2012.0076. Epub 2014 Jan 17.
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been recognized as a food pattern with beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. However, even if sex-related differences in the cardiovascular response to diet have been previously highlighted, the existence of such differences in the impact of the MedDiet on the global cardiovascular risk has not been yet investigated. This study examined sex differences in the global cardiovascular impact of a 4-week isoenergetic controlled MedDiet using the Framingham risk score and the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) metabolic syndrome criteria.
This study included 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24-53 years) who had slightly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations (between 3.4 and 4.9 mmol/L) or total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratios ≥5.0. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after the controlled MedDiet.
A time effect (P=0.04) was found for the Framingham risk score, with both men and women showing a nonsignificant decrease in response to the MedDiet. No time effect was found for the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and the number of metabolic syndrome criteria that were met by participants (P>0.05). However, a time effect was noted for the continuous metabolic syndrome score (P=0.008), with nonsignificant decreases in both men and women. No sex-by-time interaction was noted for any of variables studied (P>0.05).
Results from this study suggest that the global cardiovascular impact of the MedDiet, as assessed by the Framingham risk score and metabolic syndrome criteria, is not significantly different in men than in premenopausal women in isoenergetic conditions.
传统地中海饮食（MedDiet）已被公认为对心血管健康有益的一种饮食模式。然而，尽管先前已强调饮食对心血管反应存在性别差异，但MedDiet对全球心血管风险影响方面的此类差异尚未得到研究。本研究使用弗雷明汉风险评分和美国国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）代谢综合征标准，研究了为期4周的等能量控制MedDiet对全球心血管影响的性别差异。
本研究纳入了38名男性和32名绝经前女性（24 - 53岁），他们的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL - C）浓度略有升高（3.4至4.9 mmol/L之间）或总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL - C）之比≥5.0。在进行等能量控制MedDiet前后测量心血管危险因素。
弗雷明汉风险评分存在时间效应（P = 0.04），男性和女性对MedDiet的反应均呈现非显著下降。代谢综合征的患病率以及参与者满足的代谢综合征标准数量未发现时间效应（P>0.05）。然而，连续代谢综合征评分存在时间效应（P = 0.008），男性和女性均呈现非显著下降。所研究的任何变量均未发现时间×性别的交互作用（P>0.05）。
本研究结果表明，在等能量条件下，通过弗雷明汉风险评分和代谢综合征标准评估，MedDiet对全球心血管的影响在男性和绝经前女性中无显著差异。
