Gorini Stefania, Camajani Elisabetta, Feraco Alessandra, Armani Andrea, Karav Sercan, Filardi Tiziana, Aulisa Giovanni, Cava Edda, Strollo Rocky, Padua Elvira, Caprio Massimiliano, Lombardo Mauro
Department for the Promotion of Human Science and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 20;17(2):354. doi: 10.3390/nu17020354.
Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults.
A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) motivated to improve their lifestyle. Participants ( = 205; 107 men and 98 women) self-selected into physical activity groups (aerobic, anaerobic, combined or no activity). Gender-specific metabolic changes were assessed, including lipid profiles, liver markers and fasting glucose.
Significant gender differences in metabolic results were observed. Men showed greater reductions in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, as well as significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Women showed a significant increase in HDL cholesterol. Fasting blood glucose decreased significantly in both sexes, with no differences between the sexes. Activity-specific analysis revealed that anaerobic activity significantly improved lipid metabolism in men, while aerobic activity produced the greatest benefits in women, including increased HDL and improved liver marker profiles.
Therapeutic strategies combining MD and physical activity must take into account gender-specific physiological differences and the type of sport activity to optimise metabolic benefits. Personalised approaches may improve the management of cardiovascular risk factors in overweight individuals.
This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06661330).
生活方式干预的代谢反应中的性别差异仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估为期六个月的地中海饮食（MD）干预结合规律体育活动对超重成年人代谢参数的影响。
在意大利罗马的一家肥胖诊所进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，纳入有改善生活方式意愿的超重成年人（BMI≥25kg/m）。参与者（n = 205；107名男性和98名女性）自行选择进入体育活动组（有氧、无氧、联合或无活动）。评估了性别特异性的代谢变化，包括血脂谱、肝脏标志物和空腹血糖。
观察到代谢结果存在显著的性别差异。男性的总胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）降低幅度更大，丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）也显著降低。女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇显著增加。男女空腹血糖均显著降低，且两性之间无差异。特定活动分析显示，无氧活动显著改善了男性的脂质代谢，而有氧活动对女性的益处最大，包括高密度脂蛋白增加和肝脏标志物谱改善。
结合MD和体育活动的治疗策略必须考虑性别特异性生理差异和体育活动类型，以优化代谢益处。个性化方法可能改善超重个体心血管危险因素的管理。
本研究已在ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT06661330）上注册。
