1] Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Hochelaga Boulevard, Laval University, Québec city, Québec, Canada [2] Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, rue de l'Agriculture, Laval University, Québec city, Québec, Canada.
1] Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Hochelaga Boulevard, Laval University, Québec city, Québec, Canada [2] Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, rue de l'Agriculture, Laval University, Québec city, Québec, Canada [3] Laval University Medical Center, Laurier Boulevard, Québec city, Québec, Canada.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 May;68(5):561-6. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.27. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most of the interventional studies have investigated the impact of the diet on adiponectin and leptin concentrations only in men or in women. Consequently, it is still unknown whether the consumption of a healthy diet influences in a sex-specific manner these adipocytokines. We examined sex differences in the effects of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on adiponectin and leptin concentrations, and determined whether changes in these adipocytokines are associated with changes in cardiovascular risk factors in both sexes.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Participants were 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24-53 years) with slightly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (3.4-4.9 mmol/l) or total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)⩾5.0. Adiponectin, leptin and cardiovascular risk factors were measured before and after a 4-week fully controlled isoenergetic MedDiet.
Adiponectin concentration decreased in response to the MedDiet, but this decrease reached statistical significance only in men (P<0.001 for men and P=0.260 for women; sex-by-time interaction, P=0.072). Adjustments for body weight or waist circumference did not change results obtained. Changes in adiponectin were positively associated with concomitant variations in HDL-C in men (r=0.52, P=0.003) and with variations in apolipoprotein A-1 and insulin sensitivity as calculated by both the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin sensitivity and Cederholm indices in women (respectively, r=0.44, P=0.021; r=0.79, P<0.001 and r=0.47, P=0.020). The MedDiet had no impact on leptin and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio in both sexes.
Results suggest a sex difference in adiponectin response to the short-term consumption of the MedDiet, with only men experiencing a decrease. Also sex-specific patterns of associations between changes in adiponectin concentration and changes in cardiovascular risk factors were observed.
背景/目的：大多数介入性研究仅在男性或女性中调查了饮食对脂联素和瘦素浓度的影响。因此，目前尚不清楚健康饮食是否以性别特异性的方式影响这些脂肪细胞因子。我们研究了地中海饮食（MedDiet）对脂联素和瘦素浓度的影响在两性中的性别差异，并确定这些脂肪细胞因子的变化是否与两性心血管危险因素的变化相关。
受试者/方法：参与者为 38 名男性和 32 名绝经前女性（24-53 岁），其低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度（3.4-4.9mmol/l）或总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）略高（⩾5.0）。在 4 周的完全控制能量的地中海饮食后，测量脂联素、瘦素和心血管危险因素。
脂联素浓度随地中海饮食而降低，但这种降低仅在男性中达到统计学意义（男性 P<0.001，女性 P=0.260；性别-时间交互作用，P=0.072）。对体重或腰围进行调整并没有改变得到的结果。脂联素的变化与男性 HDL-C 的同时变化呈正相关（r=0.52，P=0.003），与女性载脂蛋白 A-1 和胰岛素敏感性的变化呈正相关，胰岛素敏感性的稳态模型评估指数和 Cederholm 指数计算（分别为，r=0.44，P=0.021；r=0.79，P<0.001 和 r=0.47，P=0.020）。地中海饮食对两性的瘦素和瘦素/脂联素比值没有影响。
结果表明，男性和女性对短期地中海饮食摄入的脂联素反应存在性别差异，只有男性的脂联素水平下降。还观察到脂联素浓度变化与心血管危险因素变化之间存在性别特异性的关联模式。
