Pivneva Irina, Mercier Julie, Titone Debra
Department of Psychology, Centre for Research on Brain, Language & Music, McGill University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2014 May;40(3):787-796. doi: 10.1037/a0035583. Epub 2014 Jan 20.
Models of bilingual reading such as Bilingual Interactive Activation Plus (Dijkstra & van Heuven, 2002) do not predict a central role for domain-general executive control during bilingual reading, in contrast with bilingual models from other domains, such as production (e.g., the Inhibitory Control Model; Green, 1998). We thus investigated whether individual differences among bilinguals in domain-general executive control modulate cross-language activation during L2 sentence reading, over and above other factors such as L2 proficiency. Fifty French-English bilinguals read L2-English sentences while their eye movements were recorded, and they subsequently completed a battery of executive control and L2 proficiency tasks. High- and low-constraint sentences contained interlingual homographs (chat = "casual conversation" in English, "a cat" in French), cognates (piano in English and French), or L2-specific control words. The results showed that greater executive control among bilinguals but not L2 proficiency reduced cross-language activation in terms of interlingual homograph interference. In contrast, increased L2 proficiency but not executive control reduced cross-language activation in terms of cognate facilitation. These results suggest that models of bilingual reading must incorporate mechanisms by which domain-general executive control can alter the earliest stages of bilingual lexical activation.
与其他领域（如语言产出，例如抑制控制模型；格林，1998年）的双语模型不同，诸如双语交互激活增强模型（迪克斯特拉和范霍伊文，2002年）等双语阅读模型并未预测在双语阅读过程中，领域通用的执行控制会发挥核心作用。因此，我们研究了双语者在领域通用执行控制方面的个体差异，是否会在第二语言句子阅读过程中调节跨语言激活，而不仅仅是像第二语言熟练程度等其他因素。五十名法英双语者阅读第二语言为英语的句子，同时记录他们的眼动情况，随后他们完成了一系列执行控制和第二语言熟练程度任务。高约束和低约束句子包含语际同形异义词（chat在英语中意为“闲聊”，在法语中意为“一只猫”）、同源词（英语和法语中的piano）或第二语言特定的控制词。结果表明，双语者中更强的执行控制而非第二语言熟练程度，在语际同形异义词干扰方面减少了跨语言激活。相反，第二语言熟练程度的提高而非执行控制，在同源词促进方面减少了跨语言激活。这些结果表明，双语阅读模型必须纳入领域通用执行控制能够改变双语词汇激活最早阶段的机制。
