Gill Jason M R, Celis-Morales Carlos A, Ghouri Nazim
Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle on Tyne, UK.
Atherosclerosis. 2014 Feb;232(2):319-33. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.039. Epub 2013 Nov 23.
A large and consistent body of epidemiological evidence indicates that low levels of physical activity, low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and high levels of sedentary behaviour are associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. However, most such studies have been undertaken in populations of White European descent. The available data from non-White populations suggests that physical activity is also protective in these groups, but the threshold level of activity needed to confer low risk, particularly for type 2 diabetes, may not be the same across all ethnic groups. In patients with impaired glucose regulation, lifestyle interventions, including physical activity as a component (often in combination with weight loss), are effective at reducing risk of incident diabetes across a range of ethnic groups. However, the optimal levels of physical activity for prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease amongst the general populations of different ethnic groups have not been firmly established. Emerging data suggest that innate differences in cardiorespiratory fitness levels and capacity for fat oxidation potentially contribute to ethnic differences in the cardio-metabolic risk profile and that ethnicity-specific physical activity guidelines may be conceptually warranted. More study is needed to understand how and why the dose-response relationship between physical activity and cardio-metabolic risk differs according to ethnicity and to determine the best approaches to promote physical activity in non-White ethnic groups.
大量且一致的流行病学证据表明，身体活动水平低、心肺适能水平低以及久坐行为水平高与心血管代谢疾病风险增加相关。然而，大多数此类研究是在欧洲白人后裔人群中进行的。来自非白人人群的现有数据表明，身体活动对这些群体也有保护作用，但赋予低风险所需的活动阈值水平，尤其是对于2型糖尿病而言，可能在所有种族群体中并不相同。在糖调节受损的患者中，包括身体活动作为一部分（通常与体重减轻相结合）的生活方式干预，在一系列种族群体中都能有效降低新发糖尿病的风险。然而，不同种族群体的普通人群中预防糖尿病和心血管疾病的最佳身体活动水平尚未确定。新出现的数据表明，心肺适能水平和脂肪氧化能力的先天差异可能导致心血管代谢风险状况的种族差异，并且特定种族的身体活动指南在概念上可能是有必要的。需要更多研究来了解身体活动与心血管代谢风险之间的剂量反应关系如何以及为何因种族而异，并确定在非白人种族群体中促进身体活动的最佳方法。
