Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden,
Sports Med. 2014 Apr;44(4):423-8. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0143-4.
Current sports injury reporting systems lack a common conceptual basis. We propose a conceptual foundation as a basis for the recording of health problems associated with participation in sports, based on the notion of impairment used by the World Health Organization. We provide definitions of sports impairment concepts to represent the perspectives of health services, the participants in sports and physical exercise themselves, and sports institutions. For each perspective, the duration of the causative event is used as the norm for separating concepts into those denoting impairment conditions sustained instantly and those developing gradually over time. Regarding sports impairment sustained in isolated events, 'sports injury' denotes the loss of bodily function or structure that is the object of observations in clinical examinations; 'sports trauma' is defined as an immediate sensation of pain, discomfort or loss of functioning that is the object of athlete self-evaluations; and 'sports incapacity' is the sidelining of an athlete because of a health evaluation made by a legitimate sports authority that is the object of time loss observations. Correspondingly, sports impairment caused by excessive bouts of physical exercise is denoted as 'sports disease' (overuse syndrome) when observed by health service professionals during clinical examinations, 'sports illness' when observed by the athlete in self-evaluations, and 'sports sickness' when recorded as time loss from sports participation by a sports body representative. We propose a concerted development effort in this area that takes advantage of concurrent ontology management resources and involves the international sporting community in building terminology systems that have broad relevance.
当前的运动损伤报告系统缺乏共同的概念基础。我们提议以世界卫生组织使用的损伤概念为基础，为与参与体育运动相关的健康问题的记录建立一个概念基础。我们提供了运动损伤概念的定义，以代表卫生服务机构、体育运动和体育锻炼参与者本身以及体育机构的观点。对于每一种观点，将致病事件的持续时间用作将概念分离为表示瞬间持续的损伤状况和随时间逐渐发展的概念的标准。关于在孤立事件中发生的运动损伤，“运动损伤”表示身体功能或结构的丧失，这是临床检查中观察的对象；“运动创伤”被定义为运动员自我评估中立即感觉到的疼痛、不适或功能丧失；“运动能力丧失”是指由于合法体育机构进行的健康评估而使运动员被淘汰，这是观察时间损失的对象。相应地，由过度的体育锻炼引起的运动损伤在临床检查中被健康服务专业人员观察时表示为“运动疾病”（过度使用综合征），在运动员自我评估中观察时表示为“运动疾病”，在体育机构代表记录为因运动而失去时间时表示为“运动疾病”。我们建议在这一领域进行协同的开发工作，利用并行的本体管理资源，并让国际体育界参与构建具有广泛相关性的术语系统。
