Turiano Nicholas A, Chapman Benjamin P, Agrigoroaei Stefan, Infurna Frank J, Lachman Margie
Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center.
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University.
Health Psychol. 2014 Aug;33(8):883-90. doi: 10.1037/hea0000022. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
Both higher levels of educational attainment and a strong sense of control over one's life independently predict better health and longevity. Evidence also suggests that these 2 factors may combine in multiplicative ways to influence subjective reports of health.
In the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) national sample (N = 6,135; age = 25 to 75 years), we tested whether stronger beliefs of control over one's life would moderate the effect of education on 14-year mortality risk.
Proportional hazards modeling indicated that both current levels of education and control beliefs were associated with lower risk of dying, over and above childhood socioeconomic level. In addition, there was a significant interaction between education and control beliefs. Among those low in education, higher control beliefs were associated with a decreased mortality risk. However, at greater levels of education, control beliefs were not associated with mortality risk. This effect remained after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including health behaviors, depressed affect, and general health (chronic illnesses, functional limitations, and self-rated health).
These findings demonstrate the importance of individual perceptions of control in buffering the mortality risk associated with educational disadvantage.
较高的教育水平和对自己生活的强烈掌控感均能独立预测更好的健康状况和更长的寿命。证据还表明，这两个因素可能以相乘的方式结合起来影响健康的主观报告。
在美国中年（MIDUS）全国样本（N = 6135；年龄在25至75岁之间）中，我们测试了更强的生活掌控信念是否会调节教育对14年死亡风险的影响。
比例风险模型表明，当前的教育水平和掌控信念均与较低的死亡风险相关，这超越了童年时期的社会经济水平。此外，教育与掌控信念之间存在显著的交互作用。在教育程度较低的人群中，较高的掌控信念与较低的死亡风险相关。然而，在教育程度较高的人群中，掌控信念与死亡风险无关。在调整了潜在的混杂变量后，这种效应仍然存在，这些变量包括健康行为、抑郁情绪和总体健康状况（慢性病、功能受限和自评健康）。
这些发现证明了个体的掌控感在缓冲与教育劣势相关的死亡风险方面的重要性。
