Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University , 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of South Korea.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(5):2962-70. doi: 10.1021/es404342k. Epub 2014 Feb 13.
A prediction model for estimating the ecotoxicity of the water-accommodated fraction (WAF) and water-soluble fraction (WSF) of heavy crude oil is proposed. Iranian heavy crude oil (IHC), one of the major components of the Hebei Spirit oil spill in Korea in 2007, was used as a model crude oil for the preparation of the WAF and the WSF. Luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri was chosen as the model ecotoxicity test for evaluating the baseline toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons in the IHC. The measured concentration of each chemical species in WAF and WSF agreed well with the predicted soluble concentration calculated using Raoult's law from the measured amount in the IHC. This indicates that the toxic potential of an oil mixture can be evaluated from the dissolved concentration of each species, which in turn, may be predicted from the composition of the crude or weathered oils. In addition, the contribution of each species in the mixture to the apparent luminescence inhibition by the WAF and the WSF was assessed using a concentration-addition model. The relative contributions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and alkylated PAHs in luminescence inhibition were estimated to be 76%, 2%, and 21%, respectively. It was further identified that C3- and C4-naphthalenes were the most important aromatic hydrocarbons responsible for baseline toxicity. This indicates that alkylated PAHs would be the major components of oil-spill residue. Further research is needed to evaluate the fate and ecotoxicity of alkylated PAHs.
提出了一种用于估算重质原油水容纳分数（WAF）和水溶性分数（WSF）的生态毒性的预测模型。伊朗重质原油（IHC）是 2007 年韩国“河北精神”号溢油事件的主要成分之一，被用作制备 WAF 和 WSF 的模型原油。发光抑制发光菌被选为评估 IHC 中芳烃基线毒性的模型生态毒性测试。WAF 和 WSF 中每种化学物质的实测浓度与从 IHC 中测量的量使用 Raoult 定律计算的可溶浓度吻合良好。这表明可以根据每种物质的溶解浓度来评估油混合物的毒性潜力，而溶解浓度反过来又可以根据原油或风化油的组成来预测。此外，使用浓度加和模型评估了混合物中每种物质对 WAF 和 WSF 的表观发光抑制的贡献。苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯（BTEX）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和烷基化 PAHs 对发光抑制的相对贡献分别估计为 76%、2%和 21%。进一步确定 C3 和 C4-萘是导致基线毒性的最重要的芳烃。这表明烷基化 PAHs 将是溢油残留物的主要成分。需要进一步研究以评估烷基化 PAHs 的归宿和生态毒性。
