Couret Jannelle, Dotson Ellen, Benedict Mark Q
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 3;9(2):e87468. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087468. eCollection 2014.
Many environmental factors, biotic and abiotic interact to influence organismal development. Given the importance of Aedes aegypti as a vector of human pathogens including dengue and yellow fever, understanding the impact of environmental factors such as temperature, resource availability, and intraspecific competition during development is critical for population control purposes. Despite known associations between developmental traits and factors of diet and density, temperature has been considered the primary driver of development rate and survival. To determine the relative importance of these critical factors, wide gradients of conditions must be considered. We hypothesize that 1) diet and density, as well as temperature influence the variation in development rate and survival, 2) that these factors interact, and this interaction is also necessary to understand variation in developmental traits. Temperature, diet, density, and their two-way interactions are significant factors in explaining development rate variation of the larval stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. These factors as well as two and three-way interactions are significantly associated with the development rate from hatch to emergence. Temperature, but not diet or density, significantly impacted juvenile mortality. Development time was heteroskedastic with the highest variation occurring at the extremes of diet and density conditions. All three factors significantly impacted survival curves of experimental larvae that died during development. Complex interactions may contribute to variation in development rate. To better predict variation in development rate and survival in Ae. aegypti, factors of resource availability and intraspecific density must be considered in addition, but never to the exclusion of temperature.
许多环境因素，包括生物和非生物因素，相互作用以影响生物体的发育。鉴于埃及伊蚊作为包括登革热和黄热病在内的人类病原体载体的重要性，了解温度、资源可用性和发育过程中的种内竞争等环境因素的影响对于种群控制目的至关重要。尽管已知发育性状与饮食和密度因素之间存在关联，但温度一直被认为是发育速率和存活率的主要驱动因素。为了确定这些关键因素的相对重要性，必须考虑广泛的条件梯度。我们假设：1）饮食、密度以及温度会影响发育速率和存活率的变化；2）这些因素相互作用，并且这种相互作用对于理解发育性状的变化也是必要的。温度、饮食、密度及其双向相互作用是解释埃及伊蚊幼虫阶段发育速率变化的重要因素。这些因素以及二向和三向相互作用与从孵化到羽化的发育速率显著相关。温度，但不是饮食或密度，显著影响幼虫死亡率。发育时间具有异方差性，在饮食和密度条件的极端情况下变化最大。所有这三个因素都显著影响发育过程中死亡的实验幼虫的存活曲线。复杂的相互作用可能导致发育速率的变化。为了更好地预测埃及伊蚊发育速率和存活率的变化，还必须考虑资源可用性和种内密度因素，但绝不能排除温度因素。
