Harrabi Hanen, Aubin Marie-Josee, Zunzunegui Maria Victoria, Haddad Slim, Freeman Ellen E
Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ; Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 7;9(2):e88306. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088306. eCollection 2014.
Using a world-wide, population-based dataset, we sought to examine the relationship between visual difficulty and employment status.
The World Health Survey was conducted in 70 countries throughout the world in 2003 using a random, multi-stage, stratified, cluster sampling design. Far vision was assessed by asking about the level of difficulty in seeing and recognizing a person you know across the road (i.e. from a distance of about 20 meters). Responses included none, mild, moderate, severe, or extreme/unable. Participants were asked about their current job, and if they were not working, the reason why (unable to find job, ill health, homemaker, studies, unpaid work, other). The occupation in the last 12 months was obtained. Multinomial regression was used accounting for the complex survey design.
Of those who wanted to work, 79% of those with severe visual difficulty and 64% of those with extreme visual difficulty were actually working. People who had moderate, severe, or extreme visual difficulty had a higher odds of not working due to an inability to find a job and of not working due to ill health after adjusting for demographic and health factors (P<0.05).
As the major causes of visual impairment in the world are uncorrected refractive error and cataract, countries are losing a great deal of labor productivity by failing to provide for the vision health needs of their citizens and failing to help them integrate into the workforce.
利用一个全球范围的基于人群的数据集，我们试图研究视力困难与就业状况之间的关系。
2003年在全球70个国家进行了世界卫生调查，采用随机、多阶段、分层、整群抽样设计。通过询问在马路对面（即大约20米远的距离）看清并认出一个你认识的人的困难程度来评估远视力。回答包括无困难、轻度困难、中度困难、重度困难或极重度困难/无法看清。参与者被问及他们目前的工作情况，如果他们没有工作，则询问原因（找不到工作、健康状况不佳、家庭主妇、学习、无薪工作、其他）。获取过去12个月内的职业信息。采用多项回归分析以考虑复杂的调查设计。
在那些想工作的人中，有重度视力困难的人中有79%实际在工作，有极重度视力困难的人中有64%实际在工作。在调整了人口统计学和健康因素后，有中度、重度或极重度视力困难的人因无法找到工作而不工作以及因健康状况不佳而不工作的几率更高（P<0.05）。
由于世界上视力损害的主要原因是未矫正的屈光不正和白内障，各国未能满足其公民的视力健康需求，也未能帮助他们融入劳动力队伍，从而损失了大量的劳动生产力。
