Aksan Nazan, Schall Mark, Anderson Steven, Dawson Jeffery, Tippin Jon, Rizzo Matthew
Proc Int Driv Symp Hum Factors Driv Assess Train Veh Des. 2013:135-141. doi: 10.17077/drivingassessment.1479.
We examined the utility and validity of intermittent video samples from black box devices for capturing individual difference variability in real-world driving performance in an ongoing study of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and community controls. Three types of video clips were coded for several dimensions of interest to driving research including safety, exposure, and driver state. The preliminary findings indicated that clip types successfully captured variability along targeted dimensions such as highway vs. city driving, driver state such as distraction and sleepiness, and safety. Sleepiness metrics were meaningfully associated with adherence to PAP (positive airway pressure) therapy. OSA patients who were PAP adherent showed less sleepiness and less non-driving related gaze movements than nonadherent patients. Simple differences in sleepiness did not readily translate to improvements in driver safety, consistent with epidemiologic evidence to date.
在一项正在进行的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）与社区对照研究中，我们检验了黑匣子设备的间歇性视频样本在捕捉现实世界驾驶表现中个体差异变异性方面的效用和有效性。针对驾驶研究感兴趣的几个维度，包括安全性、暴露情况和驾驶员状态，对三种类型的视频片段进行了编码。初步研究结果表明，片段类型成功捕捉到了沿目标维度的变异性，如高速公路驾驶与城市驾驶、分心和困倦等驾驶员状态以及安全性。困倦指标与持续气道正压通气（PAP）治疗的依从性有显著关联。坚持使用PAP治疗的OSA患者比不依从的患者表现出更少的困倦和更少的非驾驶相关注视运动。与目前的流行病学证据一致，困倦程度的简单差异并不能轻易转化为驾驶员安全性的提高。
